1. Chapter Preview 1 Chapter Preview · Section 1 The Basis of Culture (pages 72–76) Culture defines how people in a society behave in relation to others and to physical objects. Although most behavior among animals is instinctual, human behavior is learned. Even reflexes and drives do not completely determine how humans will behave, because people are heavily influenced by culture.

2. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1-Polling Question How much are you are influenced by the culture that surrounds you? A.Very influenced B.Somewhat influenced C.Not very influenced D.Not sure

3. Section 1 Culture and Society The culture you live in refers to the knowledge, language, values, customs and physical objects that are passed from generation to generation among members of a group.culture Material aspects of our culture include skyscrapers, computers, cell phones and cars.

4. Section 1 Culture and Society (cont.) Nonmaterial aspects include beliefs, rules, customs, family systems and a capitalist economy. Culture and society are interwoven, but they are not identical.society

5. Section 1 Culture and Society (cont.) A society is a group of people who live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture. Culture is that society’s total way of life.

6. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 From the following list, what is the example that best represents your culture? A. Literature B.Music C.Government D.Values

7. Section 1 Culture and Heredity Instincts are genetically inherited patterns of behavior. Humans, unlike animals, cannot rely on instinct alone for survival, so we rely on our culture.Instincts However, culture is not the only influence on our behavior. If humans were controlled by instincts alone, we would all behave the same way.

8. Section 1 Culture and Heredity (cont.) Other factors include: –Heredity—genetically inherited traits These expressions of such biological factors can vary depending on the culture. –Reflexes—simple, biologically inherited automatic reactions to physical stimuli.Reflexes –Drives—impulses to reduce discomfortDrives –Nature v. Nurture VideoNature v. Nurture Video

9. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 The desire to eat and drink is an example of which biological factor? A. Heredity B. Reflex C. Drive D. Culture

10. Section 1 Sociobiology Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis of human behavior.Sociobiology Darwin’s theory of natural selection + modern genetics = Sociobiology Sociologists believe that behaviors that best help people and animals are biologically based and transmitted in the genetic code. Video on Sociobiology

11. Section 1 Sociobiology (cont.) Some criticisms of sociobiology: –Certain races could be labeled as inferior or superior. –There is too much variation in societies for human behavior to be based on biology alone.

12. Section 1 Sociobiology (cont.) Middle ground: –Some sociologists believe that genes work with culture in a complex way to shape and limit human nature and social life.

13. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 The following are behaviors that help us further develop as the human race EXCEPT A. Parental affection B.Education C.Shopping D.Sexual reproduction

14. Section 1-Key Terms culture society instincts reflex drive sociobiology

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17. Vocab 1 culture knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society

18. Vocab 2 society a specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture

19. Vocab 3 instincts innate (unlearned) patterns of behavior

20. Vocab 4 reflex automatic reaction to physical stimulus

21. Vocab 5 drive impulse to reduce discomfort

22. Vocab 6 sociobiology the study of the biological basis of human behavior

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