1. Change of State Notes A change from one state of matter to another involves a gain or loss of energy. Ice melting = solid to liquid

2. Characteristics of Solids, Liquids,andCharacteristics of Solids, Liquids,and Gases http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.htmlGases Solids Definite shape Definite volume Vibrate Rigidly bonded Liquids No definite shape No constant volume Takes shape of its’ container Circular motion Gases No definite shape No definite volume Rapid random motion Mostly empty space Plasma consists of a collection of free moving electrons and ions - atoms that have lost electrons.

3. The kinetic theory states that all matter is in motion. The temperature = the average kinetic energy of the molecules (in o Celsius) In English we use o Fahrenheit o Fahrenheit = (9/5 o Celsius) + 32

4. http://www.plasmas.org/what-are-plasmas.htm

5. Change of States

6. A solid starts heating up (A) when it melts, the temperature remains constant the energy changes it from a solid to a liquid (B) When it is all liquid it starts to increase temp (C) until it reaches its boiling point (D) The temperature remains constant during a phase change !!

7. Melting is the change from a solid to a liquid state Melting point is the temperature when a solid changes to a liquid. (ice melts) During any change of state the temperature remains constant The flat section is called a “plateau” on a heating or cooling curve (graph)

8. During heating ice melts at 0 o C and water boils at 100 o C Heating curve for water through different states of matter:

9. Freezing = liquid to solid Melting = solid to liquid If you were cooling the water down it freezes at the same temperature as it melts ! Melting point is the same as the freezing point They occur at the same temperature. Sublimation is a change from a solid to a gas. Only a few things sublimate like Carbon Dioxide (dry ice) and Iodine

10. freezing point is 80 o On a cooling curve, the plateau (the flat section) is the freezing point. In this cooling curve you start with a liquid (1-4 min) During the plateau it freezes ->changes from a liquid to a solid (4-11 min) Then it will continue to cool off after it is all solid One crystal of this substance would melt at ?

11. Using the cooling curve below, determine which time interval you would find 1. a liquid only, a liquid and a solid, and a solid only 2. What is the freezing point of this substance? o C 80 60 40 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 (minutes)