1. States of Matter

2. Use the notes outline and add in any additional notes.

3. What are the phases of matter?  Solid,  Liquid,  Gas/Vapor,  Plasma Time for a song?

4. What does ENERGY have to do with these phases? added …As energy is added to matter, molecules move more quickly and become more independent of each other.

5. 1) Matter is made of tiny particles. 2) These particles are in constant motion. 3) The particles are called atoms and molecules.

6. Energy of _________…motion

7. average kinetic energy Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. The temperature of a bowl of hot water represents the _____ kinetic energy of the particles involved. …average

8. Thermal energy Thermal energy represents the _____ of ALL of the particles’ kinetic energies. …total (sum)

9. The higher the temperature of the substance, the _____ the particles move. … faster At the same temperature, more massive particles move _____ than less massive particles. …slower

10. kinetic energy temperature As the kinetic energy of particles increases, the temperature also increases. This is a DIRECT relationship. OR

11. Air molecules are moving more quickly due to the energy from the sun’s rays. This energy is transferred to the atoms of mercury in the thermometer. The atoms of mercury move apart (expand) and move up the column.

13. The _____ forces found _____ neighboring molecules. … weak… between Also called ____- molecular forces … inter

14. In solids, attractive forces are the ______. … strongest In gases, attractive forces are the ______. … weakest

15. Also called _________ …Phases …Phases of Matter

16. Solids have definite ____ and _____. … shape… volume The particles of a substance in its solid form have the ____ energy and the ____ attractive forces. …lowest…strongest

17. Liquids can change ____ but not ____. …shape …volume The particles of a substance in its liquid form have ____ energy and _____ attractive forces. …medium…medium-strength

18. Gases can change both ____ and ____. … shape…volume The particles of a substance in its gaseous form have the ____ energy and the ____ attractive forces. …highest…weakest

19. Super-heated gases _______ attractive forces …Even weaker ________ energy particles …Even higher

21. E.C. : Why is a gas sometimes called a “vapor”?

22. Phase changes that ______ energy are considered endothermic. require …require Energy is added. Molecules move around MORE. What phase changes REQUIRE energy? Boiling, melting, evaporating, subliming

23. S  L L  G L  V S  G Why are some gases called vapors? What is the difference between a gas and a vapor?

24. Phase changes that ______ energy are considered exothermic. give off …give off Energy is released. Molecules slow down. What phase changes GIVE OFF or RELEASE energy? Condensation and freezing

25. V  L G  L L  S Forced L  S G  S

27. Dry ice sublimates. It is frozen carbon dioxide gas. At room temperature, the frozen gas immediately changes back into a gas. It SKIPS the liquid phase!

29. Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another.

30. Matter cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change forms.