1. An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy. Chapter 15

2. Carbohydrates fruits Grains Dry beans and peas Vegetables

3.  Produced by green plants during photosynthesis.  The carbohydrate formed by photosynthesis is glucose  Glucose is the basic sugar molecule from which all other carbohydrates are built

4. Simple Carbohydrates: Sugars Refined and Natural Complex Carbohydrates: Starch and fiber Complex Carbs vs. Simple Carbs (2:46) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6esFOqj_IaY

5. Refined- removed from plants (sugar cane or sugar beets) and made into sweeteners Table sugarBrown sugar Natural – sugars found in the foods we eat Fructose – comes from fruits Maltose – comes from grains Lactose – comes from dairy

6. Fructose Sucrose Glucose Galactose Maltose lactose Range of Sweetness Caramelization – browning reaction that can occur with any kind of sugar How to caramelize sugar – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjqRzyZXwkA (1:38) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjqRzyZXwkA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMiXJE3eXN0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMiXJE3eXN0 (5:45) Solubility – dissolve in water easily because of the many hydroxyl groups Crystallization – occurs when you add more sugar to a solvent than it can dissolve. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQdXbf8huuQ&list=TLWk1HVncEGRk (7:23) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQdXbf8huuQ&list=TLWk1HVncEGRk

7.  Must be broken down into sugar so they take longer to digest and will provide longer lasting energy Grains OatsWheatRyeRiceMillet Dry beans & peas SoyChickpeasBlackLentilsKidney Potatoes RedRussetFingerwhiteYukon

8.  Amylose – molecules are linear: they’re long and narrow like a line  Amylopectin – have multiple branches, like the veins in a leaf

9.  Cellulose is fiber that gives plants their structure.

10.  45-65% of calories should come from carbohydrates  Most should come from complex carbohydrates

11.  Lack of energy  Uses protein as energy source  Lack of vitamins, minerals, and fibers  Not enough cushioning for the organs  Central nervous system, kidneys, brain, and muscles won’t function properly

12.  Stored as excess fat  More susceptible to heart disease  Simple carbohydrates  Raises blood sugar levels

13.  Whole grains  Reduce risk of heart disease  minimize chances of getting diabetes  Oats  Slow down digestion  Lowers cholesterol  Large amounts  Makes you slow and sleepy