1.  Types of Joints Types of Bones

2. L0ng Bones  Support weight  Serve as levers  Ex: femur, tibia, humerus

3. Short Bones  Cube shaped  Little motion  Ex: carpals, tarsals

4. Irregular Bones  Peculiar shape  Unique function  Pelvis, scapula, ossicles of ears

5. Flat Bones  Thinner bones that protect major organs  Ex: skull, sternum

6. Sesamoid Bones  Round/triangular in shape  Form within tendons to change angle of pull  Ex: patella

7. Ball and Socket Joint  Ball-like surface of one bone fits into a cup-like depression of neighboring bone.  Ex: hip and shoulder

8. Gliding Joint  One bone moves side to side over another bone  Ex: sternoclavicular joint, carpal joints

9. Hinge Joint  Convex surface of one bone articulates with a concave surface of another bone  Ex: knee, elbow

10. Pivot Joint  A round surface that connects to a ring formed by a bone or ligament  Ex: 1 st cervical vertebrae with cranium

11. Cervical Pivot Joint

12. Terms – Structure of Joints  Tendon – connects muscle to bone  Ligament – connects bone to bone  Cartilage – tissue that provides cushioning to a joint  Joint – articulation of two or more bones  Synovial fluid – liquid that lubricates a joint  Ossification – process of building bone tissue

13.  Osteoblasts – cells that build new bone tissue  Osteoclasts – cell that “clean-up” old bone tissue  Epiphyseal plate – known as the growth plate; area where new bone growth occurs  Periosteum – membrane covering of the bone  Marrow – substance within long bones that produces blood cells