1. Project Management

2. Projects
„Unique, one-time operations designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives in a limited time frame.”

3. Processes in an organization
Usual business processes
Projects
Routines & regular tasks
Changes &
Uncertainty

4. Main characteristics of projects
Uniqe set of tasks and processes
Narrow focus, specific performance objectives
The end of the project is definite:
Limited time-frame
Objectives reached or
it is proven, that objectives cannot be reached anymore
Budget is limited
It can be planned
It is always risky

5. Project management
Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives.
Project-like management: managing non-project processes as projects

6. Project Manager (Stevenson)
Responsible for:
Work (tasks) Quality
Human Resources Time
Communications Costs

7. Other roles in the project
Project-coordinator: negotiate with the functional leaders, report to the project manager
Project champion: strong person who promotes and supports the project
Projectmanagement-team members
Project-workers: deliver the tasks

8. Project Life Cycle (Stevenson)
Concept
Feasibility
Planning
Execution
Termination
Management

9. Project life cycle

11. Cost of changing in the life cycle
Definintion
Planning, preparation
Implementation, execution
Closing the project
Costs
Influence of the stakeholders
Cost of changing
Time

12. Project-management tools

13. Problem tree diagram
A problem tree is a problem analysis tool that illustrates the cause and effect relationship of problems using a hierarchical tree diagram.
by arranging the problem statements in hierarchical order
and depicting the problem statements in a boxed article.

14. Problem-tree

15. Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram
A Fishbone Diagram is a problem analysis tool that illustrates the cause and effect relationships of problems and is often use in the quality management discipline.

16. Objective tree
An objective tree is an objective formulation tool that depicts graphically the hierarchy of objectives. It is formulated by initially inverting the statements found in the problem tree (often used in tandem).

17. Logical Framework Matrix
Pre-conditions 
4. Activities (inputs)
3. Outputs (results)
2. Immediate objective
1. Startegic goal
4. Risks and assumptions
3. Means of verifi-cation
2. Indicators
1. Objectives-structure

18. Work Breakdown Structure
a tool used to define and group a project's discrete work elements (or tasks) in a way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the project

19. GANTT charts
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule.
Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project.
Some Gantt charts also show the dependency relationships between activities.
Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings, or colored lines and a vertical "TODAY" line.

20. GANTT charts ID Activities Who is responsible? Time intervals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9
10.
11.

21. GANTT charts 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
time
activities

22. GANTT charts

23. GANTT charts 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.
time
Activities
today

24. The Network Diagram Network (precedence) diagram
Activity-on-arrow (AOA)
Activity-on-node (AON)
Activities
Events

25. The Network Diagram Path Critical path Critical activities Slack
Sequence of activities that leads from the starting node to the finishing node
Critical path
The longest path; determines expected project duration
Critical activities
Activities on the critical path
Slack
Allowable slippage for path; the difference the length of path and the length of critical path

26. Project Network – Activity on Arrow1 2 3 4 5 6
Locate facilities
Order furniture
Furniture setup
Interview
Hire and train
Remodel
Move in
AOA

27. Project Network – Activity on Node1 2 3 5 6
Locate facilities
Order furniture
Furniture setup
Interview
Remodel
Move in 4
Hire and train 7 S
AON

28. Network Conventions a b c d
Dummy
activity

29. Time Estimates Deterministic Probabilistic
Time estimates that are fairly certain
Probabilistic
Estimates of times that allow for variation

30. Deterministic time estimates1 2 3 4 5 6
8 weeks
6 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
9 weeks
11 weeks
1 week
Locate facilities
Order furniture
Furniture setup
Interview
Hire and train
Remodel
Move in

31. Solution
Critical Path

32. Probabilistic Time Estimates
Optimistic time
Time required under optimal conditions
Pessimistic time
Time required under worst conditions
Most likely time
Most probable length of time that will be required

33. 1-3-4 a 3-4-5 d 3-5-7 e 5-7-9 f 2-4-6 b 4-6-8 h 2-3-6 g 3-4-6 i 2-3-5c
Optimistic
time
Most likely
Pessimistic

34. Sample: a research-project
Survey on students
Task 1: literature overview
Task 2: design questionaire
Task 3: collect a sample of subjects
Task 4: printing questionaires
Task 5: fieldwork
Task 6: analyse data
Task 7: writing up
Task 8: prepare a presentation
Task 9: presenting to the customer

35. AOA Network diagram What is its AON version?6 10 b a 2 f 5 9 c e 4 d

36. Solution?