1. Get out your Foreign Influences Cornell Notes

2. People Who Influenced the Founding Fathers

3. Who influenced the Founding Fathers? We are going to focus on two important people from the Enlightenment: –John Locke – Baron de Montesquieu

4. Let’s take a trip back in time.

5. It was a time in history when certain thinkers and writers believed they knew more than other people and set off to “enlighten” them. They believed the power of reason could be used to help government and build a better world. What is the Enlightenment?

6. Where was the Enlightenment?

7. John Locke Philosopher Born August 29, 1632 Studied at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford Single Wrote Two Treatises of Government Photo from iep.utm.edu Snapshot DOB: August 1632 DOD: October 1704 From: England Networks: Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford, Royal Society Ideas Impact Info

8. “ ” Locke had multiple ideas that influenced the Founders: Ideas Natural Rights/Natural Law Social Contract

9. Natural Rights John Locke believed all humans have natural rights, which are rights that all people have just because they are human being. They are: Life Liberty Property

10. Natural Rights/Law Imagine a group of people are out at sea and their boat is shipwrecked on a deserted island  There is no government  There are no laws  According to Locke, this is known as a “state of nature” What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of living in a state of nature?

11. Natural Law Natural law is… A higher, unchanging set of rules that govern human relations NATURAL LAW

12. Natural Rights/Law: rights that all people have and the rules that protect those rights

13. Individually, answer this question: What is the purpose of government? Now think about this question…

14. Social Contract Locke proposed that in order to keep our natural rights, the people must engage in a social contract An unwritten agreement between the people and the government The people agree to live under a government and obey its laws. In return, the government agrees to protect the people Go To Natural Rights/Law

15. Social Contract: An unwritten agreement between people and their government.

16. Impact According to Locke, the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of individuals The Founders agreed and included these natural rights and social contract in the Declaration of Independence. The Founders also included the idea of social contract in the first three words of the Preamble to the United States Constitution… …that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed… The Constitution also limits the powers of government to protect the rights of the people.

17. Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu Photo from constitution.org Info Ideas Impact Snapshot DOB: January 18, 1689 DOD: 1755 From: Le Bréde, France Networks: University of Bordeaux, Parlement of Bordeaux Information from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/ Philosopher and Political Thinker Born in Le Bréde, France January 18, 1689 Studied Law at the University of Bordeaux Married Wrote On the Spirit of the Laws

18. Montesquieu is most famous for his discussions on the need for a “separation of powers” in government Ideas What is the “separation of power”?

19. Power must be separated…why? What would a society look like if one person or group had all of the power (no separation of power) and no one could challenge or “check” that power? Is this a fair society? What would the rights of the people be like? Should there be limits on what government can or can’t do?

20. How do we keep government from becoming too powerful? Montesquieu argued that in order to keep a government from becoming too powerful:  Power must be separated  Power must be checked  Power must be balanced Photo from constitution.org FLREA Copyright 2012

21. What if we separate and check power? Someone makes the laws Someone else enforces the laws Someone else says what the laws mean The government proposes and passes a curfew of 10pm for those under the age of 18. Penalty results in fines or arrest. The President approves the bill and the City of Smithville’s police are instructed to enforce the curfew. Police arrest a student for riding their bike home at 10:30pm. The student challenges the arrest because they were coming home from work. Does the law apply to those under 18 who are coming home from work? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch

22. Separation of powers- Power is separated so no person or group becomes too powerful

23. The Founders were certain to include the separation of power in the Constitution when it was written in order to make sure no one was able to become too powerful  What were they scared of? Impact They didn’t want to see something resembling a monarchy develop by giving one branch of government too much power. FLREA Copyright 2012

24. If you have your syllabus or folder, please get it out now. Get out your Foreign Influences Cornell notes. Get out a piece of paper. Put your name, date, and class period on it. Number it 1-5 without skipping lines.

25. Foreign Influences Magna Carta Baron de Montesquieu English Bill of Rights John Locke Document Written in 1215 by English nobles who forced the King to sign it. Big Idea: Limited government Document Written in 1689 by English Parliament Big idea: Extended rights to all English citizens even those living in the American colonies British philosopher Natural rights/natural law- rights that all people have that cannot be taken from them. Such as life, liberty, and property. Social contract- an unwritten agreement between the people and their government. The people obey the government, the government protects the people. Both ideas were used in the D.O.I. French philosopher and political thinker Separation of powers- all power should not be given to one person or group. Give different powers to different branches. Idea used in the Constitution (the three branches).

26. 3-2-1 3- ideas that influenced the development of our government 2- documents that influences the development 1- person that influenced the development of our government