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Homework: Work on PS 14 Do Now: Take out your Mitosis worksheet Get back your test and look it over Today’s Goals: Describe the purpose and steps of the cell cycle Describe the anatomy of a chromosome and explain how it changes during the cell cycle Agenda: Review Test 8 Lecture/Discussion: Cell Cycle & Mitosis
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AP Biology - 3/1/11
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One cell grows and divides into two new cells Purpose: Growth Replace dead cells Repair tissues after injury Asexual reproduction (in single-celled organisms) Amoeba reproducing
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Stages of Mitosis Video: Mitosis.mpgMitosis.mpg
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Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes & organelles G1 phase: Cell grows S phase: DNA replicates G2 phase: More growth; cell prepares to divide Mitosis: Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells
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G1 Phase: Chromosomes are un- replicated - each contains one copy of its DNA G2 Phase: Chromosomes are replicated - each contains two exact copies of its DNA Un-Replicated Chromosome Centromere – a small spot in the center of a chromosome Replicated Chromosome Sister Chromatids – two halves of a replicated chromosome – exact copies of each other Centromere S Phase: DNA Replication creates replicated chromosomes
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So they can split during mitosis and separate into two new cells Each cell gets an exact copy of each chromosome ! Objectives for Class: Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis. Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells..
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Mitosis Animation
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Animal cell:Plant Cells:
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Prophase Anaphase Telophase/Cytokinesis Metaphase
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Chromosomes condense (become thicker and visible under the microscope) Nuclear membrane begins to distintegrate Centrosomes/centrioles move towards poles, and spindle apparatus forms Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
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Spindle is fully assembled, with centrosomes at opposite poles Chromosomes lined up along middle of cell Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
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Sister chromatids separate into two unreplicated chromosomes and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
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Two new nuclei form (membranes re-form) Chromosomes de-condense (become thinner & less visible) Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
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Homework: Analysis Questions for Lab 3A due tomorrow Transformation Lab Report due Friday Do Now: Take out your Mitosis lab packet and turn to page 2 Find the region of the root tip in which you think the cell cycle will be happening fastest Today’s Goals: Identify stages of the cell cycle under the microscope Determine the length of time that onion root tip cells spend in each phase of the cell cycle Agenda: Lab!
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1 11 10 6 5 987 4 3 2
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Which phase do you think takes the longest? Why? How can we figure this out using prepared slides like the one in the Do Now?
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Homework: Completed Transformation Lab Report due tomorrow Do Now: Take out your Mitosis lab packet and turn to your results Be ready to read out your data for each stage Today’s Agenda and Goals: 1. Mitosis Wrap-up: Confirm and explain the results of the lab Explain cytokinesis and plant/animal cell differences 2. Introduction to Embryology: Brainstorm Video
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Cell splits to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes Animal cells: cell membrane pinches inward to separate the two cells Plant cells: new cell wall built by cellulose- containing vesicles aligning and fusing along the middle of the cell Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
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Animal Cell Mitosis under the Microscope: 12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg 12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg
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Pass your Mitosis Lab forward… Brainstorm: What comes to mind when you think of embryonic development? What do you know about this process? What are some of the things that happen in this process? What questions do you have?
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Starts w/ fertilized egg (zygote) Zygote divides and divides (mitotic cell cycle) Cell differentiation/specialization Development of different organs Growth
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Goals for Today: Describe and illustrate key terms relating to embryonic development Describe the key stages in early embryonic development Describe the origins and development of the three embryonic germ layers
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Homework: Problem Set 14 will be due next WEDNESDAY. Over the weekend, you should: Do Section A and Section B Be ready to present on your assigned question from Section C Do Now: 1. Take out the Embryonic Development packet and spend a few minutes answering #4 on page 2. 2. Take out PS 14 and read questions 6-8. Choose one you want to work on.
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Today’s Goals: You will be able to: Describe the development from zygote to embryo to fetus, and Identify key stages and processes in embryonic development Agenda: In groups: 1. Complete Part 2 of the Embryonic Development packet 2. Take notes on your assigned question from PS 14.
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a) Interphase b) Cytokinesis c) S phase d) Anaphase e) G1 f) G2 g) Metaphase h) Prophase i) Telophase j) Prophase k) Mitosis
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