1. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Enhancing Leadership Effectiveness Through Communication Chapter 5

2. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-2 Communication is a process that links the individual, the group, and the organization. Lunenburg & Ornstein, (1996) Individual SchoolGroup

3. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-3 Communication is the essence of the organization, the glue that holds the organization together. Individual SchoolGroup

4. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-4 “In areas of leadership there is no talent more essential than one’s ability to communicate.” Guarino, (1974, p. 1)

5. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-5 The leader’s ability to communicate with people is tantamount to schools operating in an efficient and effective manner.

6. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-6 Leaders transmit messages to advocate, nurture, delegate responsibility, and assist followers in developing their potential.

7. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-7 Through effective communication, relationships are built; trust is established, and respect is gained.

8. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-8 When school leaders are effective communicators, their potential for meeting the ISLLC Standards is enhanced.

9. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-9 The Communication Process Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver and can occur in a verbal or nonverbal manner.

10. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-10 Communication Effectiveness When effective communication occurs, there is a mutual sharing of ideas and feelings out of which understanding develops and action is taken.

11. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-11 The Transmittal Process Sender Receiver Transmittal Of Message Feedback Decoding Knowledge Experience Values Prior Observations Mind’s Eye Meaning Encoding Feedback

12. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-12 Factors Influencing Meaning Background Knowledge Values Experience Prior Observation

13. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-13 Understanding The Transmittal Process Meaning is not in the spoken words, but rather in the mind of the receiver.

14. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-14 Understanding The Transmittal Process The receiver gives meaning to the message based on background knowledge, experience, values, and prior observations. The sender must strive to transmit the message, using symbols familiar to the receiver.

15. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-15 A Frame Of Reference The greater the agreement between the sender and receiver regarding the symbols used, the greater the probability of understanding occurring between the two parties

16. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-16 Enhancing The Agreement Develop an understanding of the individual(s) Acknowledge the receiver’s frame of reference Be sensitive to cultural differences Obtain feedback Appeal to the human element

17. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-17 Enhancing The Agreement Become an active listener Be attentive to both the content of the message and the feelings of the sender View communication as a people process, rather than a language process

18. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-18 Enhancing The Agreement Listen with sensitivity Reduce any threat that might exist Demonstrate respect for the potential worth of the speaker View the issue in an objective manner

19. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-19 Enhancing The Agreement See the world from the speaker’s perspective Understand the message Listen for total meaning and remain sensitive Convey interest in the speaker, respect for his/her position, and the fact that it is valued from his/her perspective

20. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-20 THE FLOW OF COMMUNICATIONS IN SCHOOLS

21. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-21 The Direction of Communication in Schools Legal Counsel Administrative Assistant Superintendent Deputy Superintendent Assistant Superintendent Director Supervisor Director Supervisor Schools

22. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-22 The Communication Network The Wheel—The principal communicates with three or more individuals at the same time. The Chain—The principal can talk with an assistant principal who communicates the information to a teacher. The Star—Two way communication occurs among all members of a team. The Circle—The principal can communicate in two directions. The Y—The principal might get information from a supervisor and give that information to two teachers during a meeting.

23. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-23 Communication In Schools In schools, for communication to be as effective as possible, the act of receiving information must be separated from the act of judging information. Ciancutti & Steding, (2001)

24. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-24 Communication in Schools If the act of receiving information is not separated from the act of judging information, the flow of information may be discontinued or altered, and important information could be lost. Ciancutti & Steding, (2001)

25. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-25 Communication in Schools The lack of communication effectiveness can become a roadblock to total school effectiveness.

26. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-26 Communication Barriers Barriers can interfere with the effectiveness of the transmittal process and cause a breakdown in communication, reducing the agreement that exists between the sender and the receiver.

27. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-27 Communication Barriers If the message of the sender is not transmitted clearly and meaning is not clearly understood by the receiver, some type of barrier has interfered with the transmittal process.

28. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-28 Barriers Information Overload Status difference Semantics Interpersonal Relations Filtering Paralanguage

29. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-29 Reducing Communication Barriers Leaders must have a plan that can be used to reduce barriers to effective communication.

30. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-30 Reducing Communication Barriers Establishing effective interpersonal relations Managing position power Being an active listener Acquiring feedback Displaying empathy Applying ethics to the conversation

31. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-31 Electronic Communication Defined Any transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic device, photo electronics, or a photo optical system The United States Department of Justice: United States Attorneys

32. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-32 Types of Electronic Communications in Schools Telephones Photocopy Machines Facsimile Machines Video Conferencing Palm Sized Personal Computers Voice Messaging Electronic Meeting Emails Cell Phones Networked Computers

33. Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, 4e Green © 2013, 2009, 2005, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-33 References Ciancutti, A & Steding, T (2001). Built on trust: Gaining competitive advantage in any organization. Chicago: Contemporary Books. Guarino, S. (1974). Communication for supervisors. Columbus: The Ohio State University. Lunenburg, F. C. & Orinstein, A. C. (1996). Educational administration: Concepts and practice (2 nd ed.). Belmont CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Myers, M. T. & Myers, G. E. (1982). Managing by communication: An organizational approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. The United States Department of Justice: United States Attorneys