1. States of Matter
Chapter 3

2. States of Matter Physical forms in which a substance can exist
Matter is always in motion, but the speed of these particles will vary

3. Solids Have a definite shape and volume
Crystalline: orderly arrangement
Ex. Iron, Diamond, ice
Amorphous: no ordered arrangement
Ex. Rubber, wax

4. Liquids Change shape, but not volume
Surface Tension: force acting on particles to give a spherical drop/shape
Viscosity: liquids resistance to flow
Ex. Honey has a high viscosity versus water

5. Gas Change both shape and volume
Pressure is the amount of force on a given area
Boyles Law - the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases (at a constant temperature)
Charles Law - the volume of the gas increases as temperature increases

6. Plasma Has no shape or volume and particles have broken
Ex. Artificial plasma include fluorescent lights. Natural plasma include lightning during severe weather or the aurora borealis “Northern Lights”

7. Change of State
A conversion of a substance from one physical form to another
Energy of a substance changes, changing the temperature (measure of the speed of a substances particles)
Transfer of energy is heat

8. 1. Melting Change of state from solid to liquid
Melting points vary with substances and are characteristic properties
Energy is absorbed to overcome particle attraction

9. 2. Freezing Change from a liquid to solid
Because it’s reverse to melting, freezing and melting point occur at the same temperature (0oC)
Energy is removed

10. 3. Vaporization Change from liquid to gas
Boiling - vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid (Ex. Water b.pt. = 100oC)
Evaporation - vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid
Pressure affects boiling point
Ex. Lower boiling point in Denver, CO because less atmosphere = less pressure to break apart particles…takes longer to boil pasta!

11. 5. Sublimation Change from a solid to a gas
Ex. Dry ice used in theatres or coolers, ice cubes in your freezer get smaller over time