1. Murray A. Straus and Yahayra Michel-Smith Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 603-862-2594 murray.straus@unh.edu Website: http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2  The results in these slides were obtained by creating an SPSS data file in which each case is a distribution of Dyadic Concordance Types (DCTs). In addition to the percent in each DCT, the file includes characteristics of the study which reported the DCT, such as the type of sample.  The SPSS file can be downloaded from this website by clicking on this link, You are welcome to use it and add studies, including your own. If you change the file to add DCTs or correct problems, please send it to us. We will then replace the file on the website with the updated version. Results From A Tabulation Of Dyadic Concordance Types

2. Objectives of Slides In This File Summarize results of a systematic review of studies that have provided the percentage of couples in each DCT. The tabulations summarized in the slides show that, across many studies:  DCTs apply to a wide variety of behaviors  DCT patterns tend to be consistent across: Different types of behavior Data provided by men and women Couples with widely varying characteristics such as – race/ethnic – national context – clinical and general population

3. Method  Sources  Peer review articles (59%), conference presentations (38%) reports (3%)  Supplemented by unpublished statistics in order to incorporate a variety of behaviors  Parent-Child Relationship (i.e. CP & CPA)??  Coding  6 Coders  Each entry reviewed by a minimum of 2 individuals and at least one of the authors  Coding issues were resolved in consultation with one of the authors

4. Data Collected  Over 1300 distributions of the percent in each DCT  Reported in 86 Studies  61 authors  Conducted or published between 1961 and 2014  Male and female respondents of all ages Residing in 40 countries covering all regions of the world  Behaviors measured by variety of instruments

5. Types Of Behavior For Which DCTs Have Been Reported All Cases  Physical Aggression (77%)  31% Assault  8% Injury  4% Corporal Punishment  4% Child Physical Abuse  27% Psychological Aggression  17% Sexual Coercion  9% Intransigence Excluding Supplemental Data ??  Physical Aggression (82%)  77% Assault  9% Injury  5% Psychological Aggression  4% Sexual Coercion

6. Behaviors Studied In Research On Parent-Child And Married & Dating Relationships  Parent-Child – Corporal Punishment – Physical Abuse Of Child Married and Dating - Assault – Intransigence – Psychological Aggression – Injury – Sexual Coercion

7. Participant Characteristics Married and Dating Couples 91% Parent-Child Relationship 9% ?? One Respondent providing data on both partners Students 89% Married and Dating Relationships (99%) not a participant characteristic?? Child (18%)

8. Source Of Data  Parent-Child Relationship (9%) – One Respondent (??) – Married and Dating Relationships (??) – Students (??)  Married & Dating (??%) – One Respondent (91%) – Married and Dating Relationships (??) – Sudents (??)

9. Characteristics of Studies Based on Type of Data Analyzed Merge with next slide??  All Cases ?? – Self administered questionnaires (??) – Past-Year (91%) – CTS (95%) 67% full form 20% short form 4% modified version – Number of DCTs in Each Study Mean: 14 Median: 3 – Cross-Sectional (98%)  Excluding Supplemental Statistics ?? Self administered questionnaires (??) Past-Year (50%) CTS (87%) 68% full form 10% short form 10% modified version Number of DCTs in Each Study Mean: 7 Median: 2 Cross-Sectional (95%)

10. Married and Dating Couples  Self administered questionnaires (93%)  Past-Year (95%)  CTS (95%)  74% full form  17% short form  4% modified version Parent-Child Relationships  Self administered questionnaires (97%)  Past-Year (98)  CTS (50%)  2% full form  47% short form  1% modified version Characteristics Of Studies Based on Type of Relationship Evaluated

11. Slides Showing Mean percent in each DCT  The units for which the means were computed were DCTs, not studies Some studies report only one DCT, and others report many  The prevalence rate is the men of the DCTs tabulated  The Ns are the number of DCTs in the data base of the type indicated by the chart

12. Physical Aggression Percent in Each DCT by Type of Relationship Parent-Child Relationships Married & Dating Relationships Prev: 45% N=98 Prev: 23% N=394

13. Parent-Child Relationships Percent in Each DCT, by Type of Behavior WHICHSTUDIES?? Corporal Punishment Child Physical Abuse Prev: 65% N=48 Prev: 23% N=48

14. Child-Parent Relationship Percent in Each DCT, by Type of Behavior and Gender of Respondent Corporal Punishment Child Physical Abuse Prev: 65% N=48 Prev: 23% N= 48

15. Married and Dating Relationship Percent in Each DCT by Type of Behavior Assault Injury Prev: 23% N=361 Prev: 9% N=89

16. Married and Dating Relationship Percent in Each DCT by Type of Behavior Intransigence Psychological Aggression Prev: 27% N=102 Prev: 34% N=319

17. Intransigence couples?? Percent in Each DCT by Type of Gender of Respondent Male Female Prev: 27% N=33 Prev: 25% N= 33

18. Intransigence Percent in Each DCT by Number of Respondents One Respondent Two Respondents Prev: 26% N=101 Prev: 70% N=1 Eron, L., Banta, T. J., Walder, L. O., & Laulicht, J. H. (1961). Comparison of data obtained from mothers and fathers on childrearing practices and their relation to child aggression. Child Development, 32, 457-472.

19. Psychological Aggression Percent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent Male Female Prev: 31% N=105 Prev: 37% N= 107

20. Psychological Aggression Percent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent and Source of Data Male Female Prev: 31% N=105 Prev: 37% N=107

21. Physical Assault-Any Percent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent and Source of Data Male Respondent Female Respondent Prev: 20% N=99 Prev: 25 N=104

22. Physical Assault-Any Percent in Each DCT by Gender and Number of Respondents One Respondent Two Respondents Prev: 20% N=99 Prev: 25 N=104

23. Any Assault Dyadic Concordance Types by National and Regional Context, According to all Respondents Next slides?? Region Nations Male Only Female Only Both Either Africa All Nations1810 7528 Rwanda 3945826 South Africa 10157527 Tanzania 1268230 Asia All Nations 14275822 China 16335129 Hong Kong 9405024 India 11167425 Japan 9128013 Nepal 493418 Singapore 10385314 South Korea 25175723 Taiwan 6336024 Australia-New Zealand All Nations 11325723 Australia 18236017 New-Zealand 6395527

24. Any Assault Dyadic Concordance Types by National and Regional Context, According to all Respondents Region Nations Male Only Female OnlyBoth Either Europe All Nations1429 5720 Belgium 13285922 Germany 15265918 Greece 23185926 Hungary 14305718 Italy 5613518 Lithuania 11296117 Malta 32383014 Netherlands 7326119 Norway 9563512 Russia 8316222 Scotland 12365220 Slovenia 11474212 Spain 10296236 Switzerland 8336016 United Kingdom 8227026

25. Dyadic Concordance Types for Any Assault by National and Regional Context, According to all Respondents Region Nations Male Only Female OnlyBoth Either Latin America All Nations1419 6723 Brazil 14186816 Guatemala 14266018 Mexico 13167133 Venezuela 17166724 Middle East All Nations 11187029 Iran 1198047 Israel 20225912 North America Canada 17315218 United States 17285527

26. Injury Percent in Each DCT by Gender of Respondent Injury Sexual Coercion Prev M: 8% n=28 Prev F: 8% n=32 Prev M: 25 % n=63 Prev F: 25 n=65