1. Comprehensive Evaluations of LNG Transfer Technology for Offshore LNG Development

2. Summary Marine LNG terminal concepts LNG transfer system technologies LNG system component System evaluations Conclusions

3. GBS - Port Pelican Project ChevronTexaco

4. Floating LNG Facilities Courtesy of IHI

5. Floating Storage Regasification Unit FSRU Courtesy of Moss Maritime

6. LNG Transfer Technologies Boom to tanker and tandem loading systems (BTT) Offshore cryogenic loading system (OCL) Soft yoke system (SBM) Big sweep system (Bluewater) Eurodim conceptual systems (Eurodim)

7. Boom to Tanker (BTT) Courtesy of FMC

8. OCL System Courtesy of OCL Group

9. SBM Floating Soft Yoke Courtesy of SBM

10. FLNG-based Big Sweep Courtesy of Bluewater

11. Eurodim Concepts Courtesy of Eurodim

12. System Components FMC Chicksan loading arms Cryogenic loading hoses - Coflexip aerial hose & floating hose - OCL system cryogenic hoses Amplitude LNG Loading System (ALLS) Subsea cryogenic pipelines - Jacket insulated pipelines - Vacuum Insulated Pipelines

13. Subsea Cryogenic Pipelines ITP InTerPipe subsea cryogenic pipelines - Nickel alloy inner pipe, carbon steel outer pipes - Eliminate the need for a jetty - Not limited by length, diameter or water depth Chart Industries vacuum insulated pipelines - Connect pipe section with bellow arrangements - Used at Trinidad LNG plant as a 4” cool down line - Used at Everett LNG receiving terminal

14. System Evaluations Criteria Technical status and qualification System design and performance Operability and maintainability Safety and environmental Cost and schedule Shipping and marketing Subjective weighting of each criterion above is project specific

15. Technical Status / Qualification Level of development Technical maturity level Quality and depth of program Gap identification and closure Participation by certifying agency Success confidential level

16. Rating and Scoring ExcellentHighly efficient, minimal cost Very goodImproved performance, moderate cost, uninterrupted operations GoodCompetitive capital cost, satisfies regulatory SatisfactoryAffordable, satisfies minimum regulatory FairExpensive, meets minimum regulatory PoorMany shortfalls, excessive cost, below regulatory and uneconomic

17. Common Concerns Lack of a common connector technology - Bow loading system - Amidships loading system Flexibility for terminal and ship - To send our LNG carriers to any terminals - To accept any LNG carriers at our terminals

18. Conclusions Many innovative offshore LNG transfer systems are available and reviewed Criteria for evaluation are safety, environmental, technical, commercial and political drivers Common connectors and interfaces are important Need to maximize the utilization of vessels and offshore LNG terminals This paper offers a methodology for evaluating various LNG transfer technologies for successful deployment of offshore LNG