2.  Define the following people/term:  1) William Shakespeare  2) Johann Gutenberg  3) Vernacular  4) Why was the invention of the printing press a huge achievement?

4.  100 Years War and Black Death  Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church  The Corruption within the Catholic Church

5. Causes of the Reformation?  Church corruption- priests marrying in small villages  Development of personal devotions  suspicion of clergy  Greed of secular leaders  1/3 of Europe  church land  Papal need for money  indulgences  Printing Press

6.  Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic  The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church  People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

7.  In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions  The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

9.  Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII

10.  Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

11.  He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

12. “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

13.  A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

14.  Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs  Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany  Gained support from people and criticism from Church

15. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

16. The Spread of the Printing Press

17.  Answer the following questions:  1) Why was the printing press such an important invention?  2) List the reasons why the Catholic church was corrupt. (causes)  3) What were indulgences?  4) According to Luther, what is the only way a person can get into heaven, through ________

18.  The Diet of Worms  1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs  Luther burned the order and was excommunicated  Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

19.  He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

21. Caricature of Pope Alexander VI by Martin Luther, 1545

22. “I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

24.  Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas  Lutheranism was formed  Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms  The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

25. “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

26.  Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”  Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

27.  Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination  At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

28.  Foreknowledge  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life:  No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

29.  Started in Switzerland – Calvinists  England = Puritans  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

30. Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )

31. Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian