1. GL10, Amsterdam, NL December 8-9, 2008 Recommendations for finding the gold Optimizing efforts to identify the Grey Literature on Public Health Effectiveness Maureen Dobbins RN, PhD Paula Robeson, RN, MScN McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada

2. Objective & methods Develop a methodology to –identify –retrieve –select high quality research syntheses of public health (PH) effectiveness Lit search Key informants (65) –Interviews (6) Pilot test Recommended search strategy GL10 December 8-9, 2008

3. GL10 December 8-9, 2008 Results Literature search + interviews The grey & PH Impact unknown (Howes, 2003) Evidence re effective PH interventions (Turner et al., 2005) –diverse formats, content, & audiences –largely grey Frequently sought/used –sharing ‘best practices’ –decision making –first/only source of PH effectiveness evidence

4. GL10 December 8-9, 2008 Results Literature search + interviews The grey & PH Few systematic review (SR) organizations with a Canadian PH focus Need for increased capacity –effective efficient searching –critical consumption of information –assessing evidence quality relevance –adapting evidence for local use –use of syntheses in evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) International interest

5. GL10 December 8-9, 2008 Results Literature search + interviews Grey lit access Not all worth collecting but much missed No Canadian grey literature database Centralized documentation centres emerging Search protocols –vary in process, precision, outcomes –none specific to SRs Resource implications (technological, $, human) Information specialists can help

6. Results Initial proposed methodology Reference lists of published studies SR & guideline organizations Internet search engines Websites of & key contacts in –issue-specific & funding organizations –governments & agencies –academic/research organizations Content experts –organizations –networks GL10 December 8-9, 2008

7. Results Initial search Appropriate for use by DMs 9 SRs 1 guideline Quality assessment 8 strong, 1 moderate SRs1 recom’d BPG 4 weak SRs 2 non-rec BPGs Relevance assessment 16 relevant (13 SR; 3 BPG) 39 non- relevant 2 pub’d Retrieval 57 documents 11 unable to access Search 68 documents 40+ non synthesis GL10 December 8-9, 2008

8. Final proposed methodology Systematic review-producing/housing orgs Guideline-producing/housing orgs Contact with experts and issue-specific orgs in the content area Government websites –national –provincial/territorial/state GL10 December 8-9, 2008

9. Highlights Very time consuming Difficulties with access Strategies recommended –SR-producing/housing orgs –guideline-producing/housing orgs –content experts –government agencies –collaboration with health information specialist Caution required - inadequate quality GL10 December 8-9, 2008

10. Implications International interest –PH grey lit search strategy –collaboration Value creation/use of grey lit for EIDM in PH Perceived need for one-stop shop for effectiveness evidence –published –grey GL10 December 8-9, 2008

11. Additional recommendations Further testing & refinements Improvements in accessibility –model to describe PH interventions (Turner et al., 2005) –public health grey literature database –inclusions of grey in existing databases (e.g., health- evidence.ca) –use of technology (e.g., RSS, SDI, collaboration software, KM systems) GL10 December 8-9, 2008