1. Energy, Heat, Temperature
State of atmosphere governed by thermodynamics
1st Law: Internal energy = heat + work
2nd Law: systems tend toward more disorder
Heat is energy transfer
Temperature is related to internal energy

2. Heat (Energy Transfer)
Radiation
Penetrates further into water than soil
Conduction & Convection
Depend on material
Governed by temperature gradients
Called sensible heating
Conduction is transfer through static material
Convection is bulk motion of matter

3. Phase Changes Fusion: solid ↔ liquid Vaporization: liquid ↔ gas
Sublimation: solid ↔ gas
H2O changes give rise to latent heating
Take in heat at surface
Release heat at altitude (visibly manifested as clouds)
Can move great distances (1000 km) in process

4. Heat Capacity & Latent Heat
Heat capacity is ability to store energy
Latent heat is energy required to change phase

5. Weather is Response to Heat Imbalances

6. Bowen Ratio R = radiation absorbed H = sensible heating
LE = latent heating
G = energy stored in ground
Explain the differences