1. Presentation Skills
Dr. Norma Ryan

2. Greatest fears 3,000 surveyed Public speaking (41%) Heights Insects,
Financial problems
Deep water
Illness
Death
“Public speaking a fate worse than death”

3. Exercise: The good and the bad
Before you show the picture
Ask
What makes a good presenter
What makes a poor presenter
Then how long does it take to make a good impression.

4. Overview
Audience Focus
Key Message
Connectedness

5. Audience focus
Audience Focus

6. Typical attention an audience pays to an average presentation
The attention curve
Start
Conclusion
Audience
Attention
Attention span is best at the start when the audience is primed and ready and gradually reduces as the presentation continues. The Audience sits up and pays attention when the speakers utters the words in conclusion…
So you have two key times in which to ready connect.
Learn off your introduction and conclusion
Do not read your name and title of the talk from the slide – know this.
Also have your few concluding sentences learnt off.
Time
Typical attention an audience pays to an average presentation

7. Ideal attention curve Audience Attention Intermediate conclusions Time
Introduction
Theme 1
Theme 2
Theme 3
Conclusion
Audience
Attention
Intermediate
conclusions
If audiences like introductions and conclusions – give them more of them
Divide your talk in a number of key themes
Good idea to have mini intro and conclusions for each theme,
No more then 3-5 themes/points keep drawing their attention back in
Time
Ideal attention of an audience when the speaker divides the talk in recognisable parts, each summarised by intermediate conclusions

8. Learning styles Thinkers Reflector (feeling) Theorist (thinking) Doers
Observes & reflects
Theorist
(thinking)
Wants to understand underlying reasons, concepts, relationships
Doers
Pragmatist
(watching)
Likes to “have a go” try things to see if they work
Activist
(doing)
Prefers doing and experiencing
Get a show of hands for each of the 4 styles.
Explain in any audience all four types are represented.
So you need to include something small to address all four styles.

9. The rule of three Friends, Romans, Countrymen Stop, Look & Listen
The good, bad & the ugly
Short term memory only remember 3-5 things – so work your presentation to this knowledge and make it memorable.

10. Engage the brain Bird Harder to remember a word on its own
Easier to remember if a picture is added.

11. Picture superiority effect
BIRD
Remember
72 hours later
10%
65%

12. Window of opportunity 2.5 – 5% of your total communication time
On a bad day, Friday afternoon at 4.00, you have to work harder

13. Key Message Key message
When preparing your talk know the difference between
What an audience must know at the end
What would be nice to know.
Give priority to what they must know and keep nice to know for Questions.

14. The Four Ps Plan Prepare Practice Present
Simple steps to planning a presentation.

15. Organisation/structure
Make it work
Live,
visuals
Delivery styles
Organisation/structure
Content
PRESENT
PRACTICE
PREPARE
PLAN
Plan What content, how much info, timing, level of expertise
Prepare Research content, meat substance, be careful of too much info. Consider how best to get information across (visual, words, language etc), need to consider how you will structure your presentation, how much time have you got, what do you consider the main points.
How are you going to delivered what aids will you be using, size of the audience room etc what support systems are in place to assist you.
All the audience see is the final stage don’t realise the work gone on before.
(Lisa b. Marshall)

16. Where to start Brainstorm for Plan Prepare Practice Present Why Who
What
How
When
Where
Plan
Prepare
Take time to gather your thoughts. This is not wasted time - you need time to think around a topic.
Why are you making this presentation, what idea or concept to you want to convey, what is most important aspect.
Who is the presentation for, adopt the correct language.
What angle do you want to take, what is your key message
How will you deliver the talk, what aids/ visuals/stats/ case studies/ demonstrations will you use,
When and Where: are the logistics, a room can make or break a presentation
Think in terms of the most important points, do not go off in tangents, constantly refer to back to the main objective of the presentation.
Practice makes perfect and ensure that where you are presenting is correct and aids using most useful.
Think about it at times when you are doing something routine etc.
Jot down notes and collect all material together.
Practice
Present

17. Plan – the core message Define objective of talk based on: Why?
Reason for presentation
Impact on audience
What action
Post-it on side of laptop with objective written on it
What is my reason for presenting this?
What am I hoping to achieve?
What is my purpose?
To inform , persuade
educate, sell an idea
motivate to action
WRITE DOWN YOUR OBJECTIVE at this stage and keep referring to it during the remaining stages.
Why should the audience listen?
Who will they be - level of expertise/simplify ?

18. Guess who’s coming to dinner
Pitch to audience
- size
- age/gender
- knowledge of subject
(ratio of experts to non experts)
- bias
- cultural make-up
Talk to your audience rather than at them

19. Introduction Body Summary Shape the talk
Tell’em what you’re gonna tell’em
Tell’em
At this stage you will have substantial information -
Core material - essential to the talk
Disposable material - extra examples
Supplementary material - can be used if there is time to spare or in answering questions.
How this is classified -
Back to OBJECTIVE,
Is this relevant?
Does it help make my point?
Good Structure will hold interest, help understanding
Tell’em what you told’em

20. Stages to building a presentation
Thinking
Sketching
Scripting
Building slides
Rehearsing
Rehearsing is very important
Leave time over to do this
Go to the lecture hall and practice there
Video tape yourself – see your body language

21. The production
Story board
Craft the words

22. Emotionally charged event
“People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel”
Maya Angelou

23. Connectedness
Connectedness

24. Delivery style: don’t ask to be zapped!

25. Communication is three dimensional
55 %
Visual/body language
38 %
Voice/tone
7 %
Verbal/words
93% of communication
is non verbal

26. Big NO, N0
Mono tone and mumbling or pet words e.g. em, em
No Movement

27. Visuals Exercise Describe Marilyn Monroe From the neck up
Write down descriptions
Ask if different age groups attended this talk who would think this is?
Make the point at the end
People understand words from their own perspective depending on
Gender/Age
Socio economic background
Educational level
Nationality/culture
Etc.
Visuals help them to understand material from your perspective

28. Supports not crutches Flip Charts and White Boards Overhead Projector
PC & Data Projector
Video/Multimedia
Handouts
Attract attention Help understanding Picture aids retention Slides/ Flip Charts - prepared or Blank Projectors - pull down page to reveal points or
overlay other slides
Only Aids not to take over
A – interactive/brainstorming, never turn your back when you are talking, use colours blue, black red or green
B- ensure you know how to use it correctly, ensure notes are in order in sequence, turn on in silence, place slide on first check once in silence, if you need to read from it read from screen. Biggest mistake people stand in the shadow of the screen.
C not too many gimmicks, better prepared more simultaneous, do not read from cards or screen.
D use only sparingly ¾ minutes
E old fashion but do have something that people can take away and use later.
Dangers - can go wrong, darkened room,
may appear too slick for some crowds.

29. Tips for effective slides
Keep it simple (6X6 rule)
One idea per slide
Good visuals are visible
10% of men: red/green colour blind
“Life span” of each visual (keyboard B)
Not too many
Not too complicated
6 words per line 6 lines per slide
Not handwritten
Never have red and greed together.
Turn it off – button b on the laptop will make the screen go blank
Mix with graphic material - pictures, charts, diagrams etc.
Don’t crowd too many words
Keep handouts until the end - except in exceptional circumstances.
The art of science communication:
using PowerPoint effectively.

30. Dress up numbers
1,000 songs in your pocket
5 GB

31. Q&A pointers “What questions do you have?” vs “Any questions?”
Most interactive part
Eliminate barriers
Repeat or restate
Respond simply and directly
Chance for the audience get involved
move out from podium down to the audience and
Handle Q’s in the same presentation style as you delivered the talk
Don’t get defensive

32. Spot the difference

33. Thank you