2. THE INDIVIDUALS OF THE REFORM ERA BY HALEY DOWDIE PERIOD 5 DUE DATE: 2/22/10

3. Charles Grandison Finney Born on 1792 in Warren Connecticut, died in August of 1875 Life story: studied law during the early 1800’s (btw. 1810-1820) and in 1821 had a conversion experience when he was saved. After which he became a preacher and wherever he traveled he set up religious revivals Key Beliefs: free will & equality of men & that god had led, taught and taught him the right way of leading others Involved In the Second Great Awakening Movements in The Burned- Over District Contributions to movement: led revivals and led meetings to reawaken the religious feelings in others Accomplishments: hundreds of people embracing his teachings (thus religion) & in 1837 he became the minister of the First Congregational Church in Oberlin

4. Ralph Waldo Emerson Born on May 25 1803 in Boston Massachusetts & Died April 27 1882 Life story: Father died when he was a child, enjoyed writing in journals, became well known writer & speaker, contradictions w/ school & religious beliefs, minister in Second Church of Boston, etc  writer & poet Key beliefs: harmony in man and nature & individualism Movement: Transcendentalist Movement ( believed in reason, spirituality, and instinct) Contributions to movement: gave sermons, lectures, and expressed Transcendentalist belief to others & wrote essays & poems Accomplishments: America’s most famous & important authors

5. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Born November 12 1815 & died October 26 1902 Life Story ( in a nutshell)- married abolitionist Henry Stanton, set up meetings for Women’s Rights alongside Lucretia Mott & Susan B Anthony, focused on female suffrage and voting rights & property rights for married women Key beliefs: women should have more & equal rights Movement: Women’s Rights Movement Accomplishments & contributions to Movement: founded National Woman Suffrage Association (she was president) 1890, wrote The Women’s Bible & Eighty Years and More, & she won Property Rights for married women, equal guardianship of children, and liberalized divorce laws =]

6. Harriet Tubman Born on 1822 in Maryland & died in 1913 =[ Life story: Born into slavery, escaped from slavery in 1849, suffered from a head injury, operated of Underground Railroad, spy & nurse during then civil war, abolitionist, and humanitarian Key Beliefs: fighting for freedom, equality, and justice Movement involved in: The Antislavery Movement (in the south) Contributions & accomplishments in movement: led the underground Railroad  saving hundreds of slaves & giving directions to others to help them escape, nursed black soldiers and slaves in the union, first woman to command an armed military raid,

7. Horace Mann Born on 1796 in Massachusetts Life Story: first secretary of education in MA, funded common-schools where teachers would receive training Key Beliefs: states should fund and supervise local school systems, mandatory attendance Movement involved in: The Common- School Movement Contributions & accomplishments: created country’s first normal school, passed compulsory attendance law, Father of American Education

8. Dorthea Dix Born April 4 th 1802 & died 1887 on July 17 th Life story: she lived in an unstable household as a child, taught children, loved to read & write, after visiting a prison she did not like the living conditions and sought to change it Key Beliefs: mental illness wasn’t all incurable with the change of living conditions in prisons, despite their mental conditions improving living quality couldn’t hurt if not improve it Movement involved in: Prison reform Contributions & accomplishments: founded 32 mental hospitals, 15 schools for the slower minded. A school for the blind, and many nursing schools, Superintendent of Union Army Nurses

9. Lucretia Mott Born on January 3 1793 & died in November 11 1880 Life story: She was a Quaker, Married James Mott, interested in Women’s Right, abolitionist, sheltered runaway slaves Key Beliefs: considered slavery evil & wanted more rights for women, equality Movement involved in: Antislavery & Women’s Rights Accomplishment & contributions: delegate to the World's Anti- Slavery Convention, elected first president of the American Equal Rights Convention

10. William Lloyd Garrison Born on December 10 1805 & died on May 24 1879 Life story: enjoyed reading as a child, wrote for the Herald, de3voted himself to abolish9ing slavery Key beliefs: non-violent approach, moral persuasion Movement involved in: Anti- slavery movement Accomplishments & contributions: wrote the Liberator, helped establish the American Anti-Slavery Society, helped established the Western Anti-Slavery Society

11. William McGuffey Born September 23,1800 Pennsylvania & died May 41873 Life story: president of Cincinnati College, Graduated from Washington College in 1826, sought to promote public education Key beliefs: natural & moral philosophy Movement: Common School movement Accomplishments & contributions: became president of Ohio University in 1839, In 1836 he wrote the first and second Eclectic Readers,

12. Catherine Beecher Born September 6, 1800 & Died on May 12,1878 in New York Life story: went to a private finishing school, set up colleges for women to become teachers, created school for girls where they could learn all types of subjects (including masculine ones) Key beliefs: physical health important in schools, god designed women to be teachers Movement: Education Reform Accomplishments & contribution: opened the Hartford Female Seminary in Connecticut, established many colleges to educate women to be teachers

13. Nat Turner Born October 2 nd 1800 & executed November 11th 1831 Life Story: family born into slavery, was taught to read, led rebellion Key beliefs: believed god had chosen him to free the slaves Movement: Anti- slavery movement Contributions & accomplishments: led a rebellion of around 75  3,000 of state militia had to deal with, hundreds of innocent slaves were killed

14. Frederick Douglass Born February 1818 in Maryland & died February 20 1895 Life Story: suffered in slavery with his mother, was educated & attended Anti- Slavery Society, moved around a lot Key beliefs: “prejudice against color is against god” & equality & freedom Movement: Anti- Slavery & Women’s Rights Accomplishments & contributions: wrote A Narrative on the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave (1845), My Bondage and My Freedom (1855), and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass(1881) & abolitionist leader & speaker @ Seneca Falls Convention, abolitionist newspaper  North Star

15. Bibliography Charles Grandison Finney: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/detoc/religion/finney.html http://www.oberlin.edu/external/EOG/images/CharlesGrandisonFinney.html http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 Ralph Waldo Emerson http://www.online-literature.com/emerson/ http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 Elizabeth Cady Stanton =] http://womenshistory.about.com/od/stantonelizabeth/a/stanton.htm Harriet Tubman http://www.harriettubmanbiography.com/ http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 Horace Man http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/mann.html Dorothea Dix http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/dorotheadix.html http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 Lucretia Mott http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffragepre1848/p/lucretia_mott.htm

16. Bibliography continued… William Lloyd Garrison http://www.nndb.com/people/966/000049819/ http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/William_Lloyd_Garrison.aspx http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=167 William McGuffey http://www.answers.com/topic/william-holmes-mcguffey Catherine Beecher http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~myuen/catherinebeecher.html http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dav4is/people/BEEC126.htm http://www.answers.com/topic/catharine-beecher Nat Turner http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASturner.htm http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 Fredrick Douglass http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0030411645 http://www.online-literature.com/frederick_douglass/

17. THE END By HALEY DOWDIE PERIOD 5