1. Purification of Polluted Water Tennyson Ben-kalio

2.  What is water purification?  Water purification generally means freeing water from any kind of impurity it contains, such as contaminants or micro organisms. Water purification is not a very one-sided process; the purification process contains many steps. The steps that need to be progressed depend on the kind of impurities that are found in the water. This can differ very much for different types of water.

3.  The Bandolong litter Trap  The Bandalong Litter Trap is a floating device installed at strategic locations along waterways to collect and retain floating litter, vegetation and other debris. The system operates silently without any mechanical assistance, capturing and retaining debris ready for removal and disposal. Bandalong Litter Traps are suitable for most waterways wider than 2 meters, including waterways subject to tidal action, rivers, streams, channels and open bodies of water  Benefits  Cost effective and requires little maintenance  Operates silently 24 hours a day without mechanical assistance.  Does not impede water flow or cause upstream flooding.  Security fittings used to reduce vandalism.  Debris cannot be dislodged once trapped.

8.  Coagulation  Coagulation removes dirt and other particles suspended in water. Alum and other chemicals are added to water to form tiny sticky particles called "floc" which attract the dirt particles. The combined weight of the dirt and the alum (floc) become heavy enough to sink to the bottom during sedimentation.

9.  Sedimentation  The heavy particles (floc) settle to the bottom and the clear water moves to filtration.  Filtration  The water passes through filters, some made of layers of sand, gravel, and charcoal that help remove even smaller particles.

10.  Disinfection  A small amount of chlorine is added or some other disinfection method is used to kill any bacteria or micro-organisms that may be in the water.  Storage  Water is placed in a closed tank or reservoir in order for disinfection to take place. The water then flows through pipes to homes and businesses in the community.