1. Academic procrastination of undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination
Source: Contemporary Educational Psychology (2008) 915–931
Authors: Robert M. Klassen, Lindsey L. Krawchuk, Sukaina Rajani
Speaker: Cheng-Yee Lee

2. Introduction Not a e-learning paper Procrastination
But can be applied to e-learning
Procrastination
The intentional delay of an intended course of action, in spite of an awareness of negative outcomes
Neural or negative effect
Most are neagative

3. Introduction Known research Self-efficacy Self-esteem procrastination
Self-regulation
procrastination

4. Introduction Self-efficacy for self-regulation? Two studies
No related research
Two studies
Study1
Study2
Various factor
procrastination
Neural procrastinator
Negative procrastinator
Various factor
Various factor

5. Academic self-efficacy
Study 1
Self-regulation
Academic self-efficacy
Self-esteem
Procrastination
Self-efficacy
For
Self-regulation
GPA

6. Study 1 Participant 261 undergraduate students Question survey
90% female
Age 18-53, mean 23.33
All are volunteers, without any reward credit
Question survey

7. Academic self-efficacy
Study 1
Variable measurement
Self-regulation
MSLQ (1993)
Academic self-efficacy
MSLQ (1993)
Self-esteem
Procrastination
Rosenberg. (1979)
Tuckman (1992)
Self-efficacy
For
Self-regulation
Zimmerman et al. (1992)
GPA
Self-reported 4-scales

8. Study 1
Result
Reliability

9. Study 1
Result
Correlation matrix

10. Study 1
Result
hierarchical regression analysis

11. Study 2 Neural Procrastinator Negative Procrastinator GPA GPA
Daily procrastination
Daily procrastination
Task procrastination
Task procrastination
Self-efficacy
For
Self-regulation
Self-efficacy
For
Self-regulation
Predicted grade
Predicted grade
Actual grade
Actual grade

12. Study 2 Participant 195 volunteers
72% female
19-40 years (mean 23.20)
Distribute survey in the first few weeks of semester
And collect their grade at the end of semester

13. Daily procrastination
Study 2
Variable measurement
Neural Procrastinator
Negative Procrastinator
how much does procrastination negatively influence your academic functioning? 4-scales
GPA
Self-reported 4-scales
Daily procrastination
How much time do you procrastinate on schoolwork during a typical day
Task procrastination
Days before due/Days given for completion of previous task
Self-efficacy
For
Self-regulation
Zimmerman et al. (1992)
Predicted grade
Self-reported 4-scales
Actual grade
From instructor

14. Study 2
Result

15. Study 2
Result

16. Study 2
Result

17. Study 2
Result

18. Conclusion High self-regulation does not mean low procrastination
Self-efficacy for self-regulation is more suitable for predict procrastination

19. Comment A typical survey research We can apply SDT theory
GPA factors in study 2 is a little redundant
We can apply SDT theory
Study for internal motivation should have better self-efficacy for self-regulation
We can survey similar factors in e-learning environment
In study 2, task procrastination can be measured by days before due/days given for viewing full chapter