1. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 1 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways

2. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 2 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways G. Bonnier, 1974

3. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 3 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Main faults: -Sensitive to pressure change (atmospheric + hydrostatic) - Immersion condition changing with time Main advantages: - Simple to use - No electronic devices

4. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 4 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Sensitive to atmospheric and hydrostatic pressure changes ? Solution ? Sensitive to atmospheric and hydrostatic pressure changes ? Solution ?

5. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 5 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Sensitive to atmospheric pressure changes ? Solution ?

6. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 6 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways 1990 : The argon triple point by an adiabatic method –INM internal report

7. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 7 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways 1990 : The argon triple point by an adiabatic method – F. Roussel – INM internal report

8. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 8 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Main faults: - Not so easy to use - Immersion condition changing with time Main advantages: - non sensitive to pressures changes

9. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 9 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition Not useful ? N 2 heat pipes Argon gas Liquid argon 1985

10. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 10 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition 1985 : the argon triple point: Study of the thermal conditions –INM – internal report

11. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 11 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition 1990 : An adiabatic calorimeter for calibration at the argon triple point – INM- Tempmeko90

12. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 12 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition Maintaining the guard cell

13. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 13 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition 2002 – “Argon Triple Point Device to Calibrate Long Stem Thermometers in Quasi Adiabatic Conditions” “Temperature” chicago

14. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 14 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition

15. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 15 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways How to improve the immersion condition

16. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 16 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Future ways ? Main faults on the “actual” system -Sensitive to pressure change (atmospheric + hydrostatic) - Immersion condition changing with time Pressure regulation : Reference: vacuum or temperature?

17. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 17 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Future ways ? Our choice Pressure regulator thermometer

18. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 18 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Future ways ? Main faults on the “actual” system -Sensitive to pressure change (atmospheric + hydrostatic) - Immersion condition changing with time Level of liquid nitrogen ?

19. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 19 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Future ways ? Our choices Pressure regulator Insulations thermometer Liquid nitrogen

20. Institut National de Métrologie (LNE-INM/CNAM) Workshop 732 – November 23-24, 2006 20 Past Improvements of the INM type Argon Device and Future Ways Future ways ? Our choices Pressure regulator Liquid nitrogen Filling tube Guard cell Experimental space (vacuum) Thermal shield Main cell