1. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Technical Overview This presentation is provided by the HomeRF Working Group. Direct questions or requests for softcopy to: Info@homerf.org, 503-291-2563 Or contact HomeRF Communications Chairman, Wayne Caswell (wayne.caswell@icm.siemens.com, 512-335-6073)

2. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Optimizes Tradeoffs for Households No optimal solution for all applications. Each must be optimized individually. Interference Immunity Power Consumption Infrastructure Complexity Bandwidth Licensing Size Cost Absorption Reflection Latency Security Range Jitter QoS

3. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Technical Overview Topics Toll-quality Voice & Streaming Media Data Throughput, Range & Attenuation Security & Interference Immunity Power Consumption & Form Factor Cost

4. Property of the HomeRF Working Group HomeRF Node Types Laptop (A-node) asynchronous Cordless Handset (I-node) isochronous Internet Appliance (SA-node) Audio Headset (S-node) streaming Broadband Internet Control Point (CP Class 1) Wired network

5. Property of the HomeRF Working Group OSI 7-Layer Network Stack Model 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link (MAC) 1. Physical (PHY) HomeRF Specification uses, references, or “maps into” existing network layers. { HomeRF Specification modifies existing technology

6. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Network Layer View Existing Upper Layers TCP UDP IP DECT HomeRF MAC Layer HomeRF PHY Layer CSMA/CA Priority CSMA TDMA “Ethernet” Data Path Streaming Media Path Toll-Quality Voice Path

7. Property of the HomeRF Working Group HomeRF Specification Basics Contention-based “Wireless Ethernet” Reserved time TDMA MAC Layer Beacon HomeRF Frame Plus priority access and time reservation Plus re-transmission option PHY Layer 0.8, 1.6, 5, 10 Mbps data rates 2.4 GHz FH Constant envelope FSK modulation Conventional synthesizer BACKUP

8. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Delay Profile for Asynchronous Data Streams 100 msec 6 Asynchronous Data Users 1 Mbps offered by 4 users 64 kbps offered by 2 users 10% Packet Error Rate 6 Asynchronous Data Users 1 Mbps offered by 4 users 64 kbps offered by 2 users 10% Packet Error Rate Packet Delay (seconds) counts BACKUP

9. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Delay Profile with Simultaneous Asynchronous and Priority Asynchronous Packet Delay (seconds) counts 100 msec 4 Asynchronous Data Users 1 Mbps offered by 4 data users 2 Streaming Users 64 kbps offered by 2 streaming users 10% Packet Error Rate 4 Asynchronous Data Users 1 Mbps offered by 4 data users 2 Streaming Users 64 kbps offered by 2 streaming users 10% Packet Error Rate Stream 1 Stream 2 Asynchronous Data BACKUP

10. Property of the HomeRF Working Group MAC Layer Basics time Data Networking Bulk of time is allocated to data networking 1 2 Priority Streams Within data networking time, streaming media sessions get priority access Voice Calls Reserved time period based on number of active voice calls Hop Re-Transmit If voice packets fail, they can be re-transmitted at the start of the next frequency

11. Property of the HomeRF Working Group 20 ms f N+5 Data#8 Hop Ack #8 Data#10Ack #10 Data#9Ack #9 20 ms fNfN Data#1 Hop Ack #1 Data#2Ack #2 Data#3Ack #3 All asynchronous traffic f N+1 Dn #1 Up #1 Data#4 B Hop Ack# 4 10 ms Beacon is added for Isochronous traffic and frame length is reduced to 10ms f N+3 Up #3 Up #1 Data#6 B Hop Ack# 6 Dn #3 Dn #1 Second call is added B Hop 10 ms Dn #1 Up #1 Data#5 Ack# 5 f N+2 B Hop Dn #3 Up #3 Data#7 Ack# 7 First call ends. Frame reordered. f N+4 Superframes and Subframes

12. Property of the HomeRF Working Group High Quality Voice despite Microwave Ovens Probability of a Hit by Microwave Oven Interference 20% of the band for 50% of the time: Raw P HIT ~ 10% Time/Frequency Diversity used to retry voice packets Independent trials result in: P 2HITS = P HIT 2 = 1% Hopset Adaption for persistent interferers Probability of a second hit: P 2HITS ~ P HIT (P HIT /N) = << 1% BACKUP

13. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Bandwidth Requirements

14. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Technical Overview Topics Toll-quality Voice & Streaming Media Data Throughput, Range & Attenuation Security & Interference Immunity Power Consumption & Form Factor Cost

15. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Wideband Frequency Hopping f 1 MHz Base Channel 5 MHz Superchannel 75 1 MHz channels for 1.6 Mbps data and all voice communications 15 5 MHz channels for 5 and 10 Mbps data modes HomeRF improves performance of 802.11 FH Enabled by FCC rule change in August 2000, ETSI rule change in December 2001

16. Property of the HomeRF Working Group 0’85’130’150’ RANGE: Signal Strength Diminishes with Distance Throughput ~5 Mbps ~2.5 Mbps ~0.4-0.8 Mbps 0.8-1.6 Mbps 5 Mbps Advertised Range 150’ Advertised Data Rate: 10 Mbps

17. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Performance over Distance Broadband/ MPG 4 Video 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 10'20'30'40'50'60'70'80'90'100'110'120'130'140'150' Nominal throughput (Mbps) Source: Practical and Theoretical Calculations HomeRF provides real-time media streaming to more nodes over a greater distance. Dial-up / MP3 Audio MPEG2 Video

18. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Attenuation: Signal Strength Diminishes through Materials BUILDING WALL Wood and plaster Walls or Floors are OK. Even Brick. Metal and thick rock block the RF signals. The Higher the Frequency, the more signal loss. 5 GHz is worse than 2.4 GHz.

19. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Multi-path in Homes: More Absorption, Less Reflection Signals can arrive at different times and cancel each other out.

20. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Technical Overview Topics Toll-quality Voice & Streaming Media Data Throughput, Range & Attenuation Security & Interference Immunity Power Consumption & Form Factor Cost

21. Property of the HomeRF Working Group is Secure and Reliable Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum –Invented for the US Military to avoid jamming, denial of service, and eavesdropping Performance with Interference Performance with Interference –Microwave ovens, cordless phones, baby monitors, video senders, neighbors –High Density Apartments Security Layers Security Layers Application Layer Security Option 128-bit Encryption Option Standardized Teach/Learn 24-bit Network ID Random Frequency Hopping Spread-Spectrum Digital

22. BUILDING WALL Typical Wi-Fi configuration with 3 non-overlapping channels. is Secure and Reliable BEWARE: RF signals can penetrate walls Access from car or hilltop ???

23. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Interference: HomeRF hops around it FHSSDSSS Time Frequency IEEE 802.11b waits for Interference to go away 2.4 GHz 2.5 GHz

24. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Spectral / Temporal Characteristics of Microwave Ovens Frequency Power Spectral Density Used ISM band (75 MHz) Average Power Spectrum (10 to 30 MHz) Next hop clear Next hop clear Next hop clear Next hop clear Next hop clear Active Interference Avoidance

25. Property of the HomeRF Working Group 10 ms Active data traffic HopBeacon fNfN Data 1Ak1 Active calls Dn5Up5 Normal calls continue Dn5Up5Dn2Up2 Data packet succeeds on retry Ak2Data 2HopBeacon f N+1 Control point allocates retry of up/down 2 Data 2Dn2Up2 Latency is bounded to 10 ms even in the presence of interference Active Interference Avoidance Interference 1 contacts f N Dn2Up2

26. Property of the HomeRF Working Group IEEE 802.11b 802.11b – DSSS using channel 3 (static frequency) Source: Celerity Digital Broadband Test 2.4 2.5 GHz Signal Strength 2.40 GHz 2.50 GHz 0 250 500  s 2.45 GHz Frequency over Time

27. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Bluetooth™ Bluetooth Headset signal 31.25 µs between pulse pairs 125 µs between pulse sets Source: Celerity Digital Broadband Test 2.4 2.5 GHz Signal Strength 2.40 GHz 2.50 GHz 0 250 500  s 2.45 GHz Frequency over Time

28. Property of the HomeRF Working Group 2.4 GHz Cordless Phone Multiple Channel Cordless Telephone Transmit Receive on separate channels Channel selection is arbitrary Source: Celerity Digital Broadband Test 2.4 2.5 GHz Signal Strength 2.40 GHz 2.50 GHz 0 250 500  s 2.45 GHz Frequency over Time

29. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Coexistence within ISM band WLAN 802.11b Bluetooth™ Cordless Telephone Source: Celerity Digital Broadband Test 2.4 2.5 GHz Signal Strength 2.40 GHz 2.50 GHz 0 250 500  s 2.45 GHz Frequency over Time 802.11b politely waits for interference to go away – potentially a very long time with cordless phones. Bluetooth interference, at 1600 hops/sec can also be severe.

30. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Technical Overview Topics Toll-quality Voice & Streaming Media Data Throughput, Range & Attenuation Security & Interference Immunity Power Consumption & Form Factor Cost

31. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Smallest WLAN form factor 1.6 Mbps and full home coverage < 10mW standby power draw Full TCP/IP connectivity Ideal for handheld Internet appliances, personal imaging and audio devices Specifications: Physical Type II size, < 20 grams 0 – 40 degree C operation CE, EMC-EEC 89/336 Compliant Electrical 3.3 V, 120mA Rc; 250mA Tx modes 3mA standby mode Simple Design: enables small form factor for embedded apps Update for 2.0?

32. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Hand Held Trends Larger, higher resolution Displays with more Colors More Performance, Less Cost –e.g. Video streaming Better Text rendering Wireless (WAN, WLAN, PAN) PDA becomes Phone, MP3… Phone becomes PDA, MP3… Digital Imaging PocketPC gains some ground –Palm still has >70% share With Microsoft ClearType, palm- sized devices can act as eBooks.

33. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Technical Overview Topics Toll-quality Voice & Streaming Media Data Throughput, Range & Attenuation Security & Interference Immunity Power Consumption & Form Factor Cost

34. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Cost Roadmap parallels DECT DECT is a leading indicator for HomeRF –6 generations of architecture evolution –HomeRF comes in well down the learning curve Complexity is similar –HomeRF Baseband ROM/Flash about 2X DECT –Radio will reuse Bluetooth/DECT Low-IF IP HomeRF BOM cost will approach DECT at same volumes –Basic HomeRF functionality (voice + 10Mbps) –Additional SW & HW depends on product features

35. Property of the HomeRF Working Group DECT Volume and BOM Cost BACKUP

36. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Cost Synergies Easy compatibility with OpenAir –HomeRF and OpenAir share a common PHY (dual MAC client devices available now) –OpenAir has over 1M devices from over 20 different vendors already deployed in the field Multi-mode client devices with Bluetooth –HomeRF and Bluetooth have similar PHY (multi-MAC client devices, such as a PCMCIA or Compact Flash card, are feasible and expected in 2002)

37. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Cost Synergies, cont. Multi-mode / Multi-band clients –PCS / GSM phones –802.11b /.11g (DSSS / OFDM) –802.11b / Bluetooth (DSSS / FHSS) –802.11b /.11a (2.4 / 5 GHz) –WLAN / WAN (for mobile workers) –Easy to include support for HomeRF Adds much needed Flexibility –Automatically sense and adapt to networks

38. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Top Side Bottom Side Integrated Baseband RFIC Flash Simple Design: enables Inexpensive 2-chip solutions

39. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Summary Ideal for the Broadband (voice, data, entertainment) –Blends several technologies to enable Digital Convergence –Broadband data at Ethernet speeds “plus” toll-quality voice and streaming media Designed and optimized for Households & SOHO: –Simplicity, Security/Privacy, Interference, Cost, Applications Smooth roadmap to 20 Mb/s and beyond –Multi-band support for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz (802.11a) More information at www.HomeRF.org –Learning Center for W.Papers, Presentations, etc.

40. Property of the HomeRF Working Group Wireless Choices for the Broadband Internet home - Advantage ~ - Adequate X - Disadvantage Legend: X ~ Roaming Outside the Home~~~ ATTRIBUTEHomeRFBluetooth802.11b Cost Security Interference Immunity Toll-Quality Voice Support Streaming Media Support Data Throughput Range Power Consumption Form Factor Network Topology ~X ~X ~ X X X ~ X ~ ~~ ~