2. Chapter 8 Transport

3. Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism

4. Passive Transport vs. Active Transport

5. Passive Transport A type of transport in which materials move across the cell membrane without using energy ( high concentration to low concentration)

6. Diffusion The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

7. Osmosis The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration Example of Passive transport

8. Active Transport A type of transport requiring energy to move materials across the cell membrane (low concentration to high concentration)

9. Concentration Gradient The difference in concentration between a region of high concentration and a region of low concentration

10. passive transport passive transport the movement of materials across a plasma membrane in which the cell expends no energy DiffusionDiffusion OsmosisOsmosis PlasmolysisPlasmolysis Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion active transport active transport the movement of materials against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) buy using energy from ATP. EndocytosisEndocytosis PhagocytosisPhagocytosis PinocytosisPinocytosis ExocytosisExocytosis

11. Cell membrane Made up of proteins and lipids Also known as : - plasma membrane - selective membrane Is semipermeable membrane Water molecules are small enough to easily diffuse across the cell membrane

13. Cytoplasm Lipids Protein

14. I. Absorption

15. Absorption The passage of materials across the cell membrane and into the cell

16. Circulation The movement of materials within a cell and/or throughout an organism a) intracellular circulation within the cell (cyclosis) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Intercellular circulation blood circulation throughout body heart, blood vessels, capillaries Gastrovascular cavity

17. II. Circulation

18. Intracellular Circulation Circulation within the cell Ex: Cyclosis

19. Intracellular Circulation (Cyclosis) (Cyclosis)

20. Intercellular Circulation Circulation outside of the cell Ex: blood, heart,

21. III. Organisms

22. Transport in Vascular Plants Plants have vascular (conducting) tissue known as xylem and phloem 1. Xylem- carries water and dissolved materials upward from the roots to the stems and leaves. 2. Phloem- carries food (glucose) and other organic compounds from the leaves throughout the rest of the plant.

23. Roots Roots are structures that specialize in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, and the movement of these materials upward to the stem

24. Root Hairs Found on roots Increase surface area for water absorption

25. Stems Structure is more complex than roots The xylem and phloem tubes are continuous with the xylem and phloem of the roots

26. Leaves The xylem and phloem tubes in the leaves are in vascular bundles called veins The xylem and phloem tubes are continuous with the xylem and phloem of the roots and stems

27. Bryophytes vs. Tracheophytes

28. Tale of Two Plants Tracheophytes Has Vascular tissue Xylem, phloem More complex True roots, stems, leaves Trees, flowers, bushes, Vegetables, Grasses, etc Bryophytes Lacks Vascular tissue Must be in moist Env. Limited growth capabilities Simple plants NO true roots, stems, leaves Mosses + liverworts

29. Bryophytes Are simple, multicellular organisms that lack vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) Therefore, transport is done by diffusion through cell membrane

30. Bryophytes - The Bryophytes have - no true roots, stems or leaves. - No vascular tissue (no tubes) - Ex: moss -

31. Tracheophytes Are higher, more complex multicellular organisms that have vascular tissue for transport

32. Tracheophytes - 2. Tracheophytes- Have true roots, stems, and leaves. - Have vascular tissue - Ex: trees and flowering plants

33. Chloroplast O2O2 Sugars CO 2 Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle NADPH ATP ADP + P NADP + Chloroplast Section 8-3 Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview Light water Review

34. Leaf Cross Section Veins Xylem Phloem Vein Cuticle Epidermis Palisade mesophyll Epidermis Stoma Guard cells Spongy mesophyll

35. Root Longitudinal Section ( #7 )

36. Section 23-2 Figure 23–9 Water Transport in a Root

37. Section Outline 23–5Transport in Plants A.Water Transport 1.Capillary Action 2.Transpiration 3.Controlling Transpiration 4.Transpiration and Wilting B.Nutrient Transport 1.Functions of Phloem 2.Movement From Source to Sink

38. Stomates and Guard cells

39. Diagram #1-342 Stomates and Guard cells a specialized cell on the undersurface of leaves for controlling gas exchange and water loss. The Guard cells control the stomatal openings in the epidermis of the leaf.

40. Gas Exchange : Lenticels a spongy area present in the cork (bark) surfaces of the stems, roots, and other parts of vascular plants. It appears on the surface as a lenticular (lens-shaped) spot, which acts as a pore. These structures allow for the exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere to occur across the bark which would otherwise prevent this exchange of gases.

41. Water Movement Movement of nutrients and water from the ground and into the root hairs involve the following: 1. Diffusion (nutrients in) 2. Osmosis (water in)

42. Transpiration The evaporation of water from the leaves through the stomates Transpiration calls for the need of more water in the leaves, and as a result, water is pulled upward to replace the water that has evaporated

43. Transpirational Pull The upward pull of water through the xylem due to transpiration

44. Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves. Pull of water molecules upward from the roots. AB Transpiration video 23.a

45. Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves. Pull of water molecules upward from the roots. AB Transpiration

46. Transport videos Transpiration video 23.a Translocation 23.b

47. Section 23-5 Movement of water Movement of sugar Sugar molecules Source cell Sink cell PhloemXylem Figure 23–24 Phloem Transport

48. Organisms Protists Ameoba Paramecium Animals Hydra Earthworm Grasshopper

49. Kingdom: Protista Oxygen CO2 Phylum: Protozoan, Amoeba (ameba) Metabolic Waste

50. Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Protozoan, Paramecium Posterior Contractile vacuole Plasma membrane Anterior Contractile vacuole cytoplasm

51. Circulation in Protista Phylum: Protozoan Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium No specialized transport system Materials enter and leave by: diffusion and active transport Uses contractile vacuoles Ex. Oxygen, carbon dioxide

52. Invertebrates Review Arthropod Annelid Flatworm Cnidarian Mouth/anus Mouth Gastrovascular cavity Pharynx Crop Gizzard Intestine Rectum Anus Stomach and digestive glands

53. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Coelenterate AKA: Cnidarian Mouth/anus Gastrovascular cavity

54. Cnidaria Review: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Coelenterates or Cnidaria  Simple multicellular organisms  2 cell layers thick, endo and ectodermic layers  Every cell in contact with the environment  Carries out Extracellular circulation in Gastrovascular cavity (GVC) Diffusion of gasses in and out Ingests nutrients by Phagocytosis  Carries out Intracellular Circulation by Cyclosis and diffusion

55. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Anus Clitellum Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Nephridia Ganglia Ring vessels Reproductive organs Ventral blood vessel Ganglion Brain Mouth Dorsal blood vessel Crop Gizzard Body segments Setae Prentice Hall chapter 27

56. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Annelida AKA Segmented Worms Skin is moist for oxygen permeability Closed Circulatory system Blood contains IRON bases PROTEIN HEMOGLOBIN. Red color Double diffusion of O2 through skin then body cells Absorbs digested end products using typhlosole

57. Phylum: Annelids (Segmented worms)

58. Transport Similarities Insect: Open Circulatory System Annelid: Closed Circulatory System Heartlike structures Blood vessels Heartlike structure Blood vessels Hearts Heart Sinuses and organs

59. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda

60. Open circulatory system, meaning the blood flows into the tissue and comes into direct contact with all the cells. Blood is transparent-green, lacks iron based hemoglobin. ITS COPPER BASED Blood only carries nutrients. NO GASES Special tubes transport the oxygen and carbon dioxide. Has only one blood vessel, the aorta Heart pumps the blood through the aorta and into the tissue or body spaces where materials are exchanged. The blood returns to the heart through valve like openings in the heart wall. SINUSES