1. 3.4 French and Indian War Objective: Learn how Britain defeated France and her native allies. Understand how the conflict led to growing tension between Britain and her colonies.

2. Conflict in Europe, Conflict in Americas
France and Spain frequently ally against Britain
France allies with Native Americans, guerrilla style conflict in New World
King William’s War,
Queen Anne’s War
King George’s War,
French and Indian War,
Begins with Washington surveying French Land in the Ohio Rive Valley

3. The origins of the Fr. And Indian War
Rivalry between French and English
Ohio River valley
Differences between Fr. and English colonies?
Cartier (1534) Champlain (1608)
Fr. Marquette and Louis Jolliet Great Lakes Upper Miss.
LaSalle claims Lower Miss. River Valley 1682
By 1760 only 80,000 French compared to 1 million English(Why?)

5. Competition for the Ohio
Fr, Marquette, SJ – 1st European to explore great lakes and Mississippi
1749, Virginia speculators in Ohio Company claim 500,000 acres in Ohio Valley
Fr. Had built Ft. Duquesne (Pitt)
1754, George Washington, surveyor, leads 150 Virginia Militiamen to ask the French to leave the Ohio Valley
Washington loses Fort Necessity
Seven Years War begins – global conflict
“America was conquered in Germany.” William Pitt
1754 Albany Congress – seeks colonial unity, Indian alliances
Union achieved in theory, not in fact

6. Map: European Claims in North America
The dramatic results of the British victory in the Seven Years (French and Indian) War are vividly demonstrated in these maps, which depict the abandonment of French claims to the mainland after the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

7. Fort Necessity, May 1754 (reconstruction)

8. BRADDOCK ROAD

9. Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)

10. Braddock’s Defeat 1755 Gen. Braddock, 2,000 men march on Fort Duquesne
Mix of colonial militia and Regulars (American opinion of British Army?)
Braddock’s slow moving forces decimated by French and Indian forces, flanking
Frontier goes up in flames, Indian raiding parties move uncontested
Britian’s invasion of Canada, 1756, fails

11. Franklin’s Cartoon, The Albany Plan 1754 Pennsylvania Gazette

12. William Pitt 1757, Pitt becomes leader in Parliament
1758, Pitt organizes attacks on Montreal
& Quebec, Louisbourg
1758 Fort Duquesne falls, renamed Pittsburgh
Pitt puts James Wolfe in charge of taking Quebec
Montcalm defends Quebec for France
1759 Quebec falls, Wolfe and Montcalm killed
Battle for Quebec is one of most significant engagements in British and American history
Montreal falls 1760

14. Fall of Quebec, 1759 Battle on the Plains of Abraham

15. Scottish Highlander British Army Grenadiers

16. BASIC WAR WEAPONS
“BROWN BESS” MUSKET
FRONTIER TOMAHAWK

17. French Army French Marines

19. CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY
PEACE?
1763

20. CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY
Braddock defeated
Wash. defeated
Pitt takes charge
Quebec falls
Ft. Duquesne falls
Montreal falls
PEACE?
1763
France leaves Am.
FL now British

21. Peace? Line of Demarcation 1763
France thrown off continent entirely
Spain given possession of N. Orleans and trans-Mississippi Louisiana
Spain loses Florida
Great Britain dominant in North America and at sea
Friction growing b/w Britain and Colonials (smuggling)
Pontiac’s Uprising – Increasing tension with N. Americans
Capture 8 forts (General Amherst: Smallpox blankets?)
Cost of War leads to increasing friction with Britain
Line of demarcation to keep peace and attempt to restart fur trade with Indians for the crown (King’s view?)

22. Pontiac’s Uprising

23. Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
Line of Demarcation inhibits movement west!!!
This angers Colonials greatly.
10,000 British troops stationed in colony
Quartering of troops angers colonists
Cost of troops in Colonies heavy burden for Great Britain
George Grenville becomes Prime Minister in 1763
Conflict over Smuggling and Searches of Private Property
Writs of assistance and ship seizures
1764 Sugar Act
Seeds of Rebellion

24. Sugar Act WHO: Passed by George Grenville, British Prime Minister
WHAT:
Halved duties on molasses (to discourage smuggling)
Created new duties on imports (to raise more $)
Smuggling cases now to be heard in British Admiralty Courts, not colonial courts with colonial juries (Writs of Assistance)
WHEN: 1764
WHY: Britain needed money to pay her huge debt from the French and Indian War and on-going cost of protecting the Frontier.