1. BELLWORK – Rev. Review
Describe the military strategies used by both the Loyalists and Patriots during the American Revolution.
Explain the importance of the Battle of Saratoga.
Which foreign countries helped both the British and American colonists? How did they help?
Which foreign countries helped South America achieve independence?
What was the Treaty of Paris?
What problems did the U.S. have post-Rev?
What problems did South Am. have post-Rev?

2. Thursday In-Class Assessment Practice
Analyze the reasons why the 13 colonies were able to win independence from the British.

3. The American Revolution
A Quick Recap!

4. Conflict in Boston
British soldiers sent to enforce laws in the colonies
Boston Massacre
Tea Act
Boston Tea Party
Intolerable Acts
First Continental Congress

5. The Shot Heard Around the World

6. The Last Straw…… Second Continental Congress May 10, 1775
Declaration of Independence
Signed July 4, 1776
Committee of Five – main author was Jefferson
Declared that the colonies were now an independent and free country
Listed grievances against the king & reasons for separation
Second Continental Congress
May 10, 1775
Four decisions made….
Final Compromise
General Washington
Military Strategy
Drafting of D.O.I.

7. Sherman, Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, Livingston
The Committee of Five
Sherman, Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, Livingston
Thomas Jefferson: served in Congress representing VA; primary author
Roger Sherman: justice of the Superior Court of CT & member of Congress
Robert Livingston: the first Chancellor of NYC, the highest judicial officer in the state
Benjamin Franklin: first U.S. ambassador to France; delegate from PA
John Adams: lawyer & public figure in Boston; representative from MA

8. Battles of the American Revolution
Trenton and Princeton
December 26, 1776 – January 3, 1777
George Washington crossed the Delaware River through harsh weather
Americans captured British guards and won!

9. “Washington Crossing the Delaware” Emmanuel Leutze

10. Military Strategies American Guerilla Warfare Target military generals
British
Divide and Conquer
Separate New England from Middle & Southern colonies, take them one-at-a-time
Keep Washington isolated
Naval blockades
American
Guerilla Warfare
Target military generals
Trap soldiers  ambush!
Use the terrain
Naval blockades

11. Battles of the American Revolution
Saratoga
September 19 & October 7, 1777
British win first battle
Americans win second battle and force a British retreat
Turning point of Revolutionary War
France decided to ally with the Americans

12. Help from foreign powers
France, Netherlands & Spain side with the Patriots
navies prevent a British blockade
Marquis de Lafayette
Major-General of French troops
Blocked British troops at Yorktown
Encouraged France to increase support & aide
Supporter of U.S. Constitutional principles
Becomes a link between the American and French revolutions
Baron de Kalb
A German-born French officer who served as Major-General
Commanded troops in MD & DE
Worked alongside Lafayette

13. Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge

14. Lafayette Became a U.S. citizen
For his accomplishments in the service of both France and the United States, he is known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds".
In honor of his contributions to the American Revolution, many cities and monuments throughout the United States bear his name.

15. Lafayette Court House, IN Lafayette Fountain, GA Lafayette Monument, D
Lafayette Court House, IN Lafayette Fountain, GA Lafayette Monument, D.C.

16. DeKalb
Numerous towns and counties in the US are named after him in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, new York, Tennessee, and Texas. Several streets are named after him in New York.

17. DeKalb monument in GA Battle of Camden; DeKalb’s death

18. Battles of the American Revolution
Yorktown
October 19, 1781
British began construction of port in Virginia
Combined French and American forces
Last major battle of American Revolution
America wins and forces England to surrender

20. Treaty of Paris September 3, 1783
Acknowledged the 13 colonies as a free and independent country – United States of America
American territory expanded to Mississippi River
How did this influence revolutions in other colonies?

22. Problems Post-Rev.
The rich were getting richer; the poor were getting poorer (By 1770 – top 1% owned 44% of land)
Only 8% of the population could vote (PA)
The top 10% of white leaders in America held as slaves 1/5 of the countries people (Washington had 216 slaves)
Most state constitutions ignored women, slaves, and the poor
Articles of Confederation: Document setting up government for the U.S.; originally written in the Second Continental Congress & signed in Nov 1777, but re-written to form the U.S. Constitution.
State power > national government (states ruled separately)
States dramatically raised taxes which caused massive rebellions, but Congress could not do anything about it.
Convinced of the urgent need for reform, 12 states sent delegates to The Constitutional Convention in 1787

24. Wealth distribution in Colonial America

25. Review Comparison
Now that we have finished independence movements in the Americas, you are going to compare them for review.
Use pages in the textbook.

26. Revolutions in Spanish S.Amer
American Revolution
Revolutions in Spanish S.Amer
Causes
Fighting (tactics, strategies)
Foreign Intervention
Leaders and their role
Reasons colonies were victorious
Social Effects
Economic Effects

27. The Constitution
At the Constitutional Convention, delegates produced The United States Constitution, which has governed the U.S. for more than 200 years!
Signed September 17, 1787
George Washington was elected as the first president.

28. Signers of the Constitution included: George Washington
“Our goal is to create a new government instead of fixing the existing one”
- James Madison
Signers of the Constitution included:
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton

31. Political Parties
During the creation of the Constitution, various political parties emerged.
Federalists: supported the Constitution and a strong national government
Anti-Federalists: opposed the Constitution, and wanted individual rights and state control
#3 - Describe the different beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

32. American Revolution Review Timeline

33. Discussion
Explain the problems the U.S. government encountered post-Revolution.
What was the Articles of Confederation? What was the problem with this document?
Describe the different beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
One controversial issue over the Constitution was whether to add a Bill of Rights. What do you think? Was the Bill of Rights necessary or are these rights already granted under the Constitution?
Are all of the amendments within the Bill of Rights relevant in today’s society? Are any outdated? Explain!

34. Life in colonies POST revolution
#1 - Explain the problems the U.S. government encountered post-Revolution.
The rich were getting richer; the poor were getting poorer (By 1770 – top 1% owned 44% of land)
Only 8% of the population could vote (PA)
The top 10% of the white leaders in America owned ½ the wealth
The top 10% of white leaders in America held as slaves 1/5 of the countries people (Washington had 216 slaves)
These were the leaders of state governments
Most state constitutions ignored women, slaves, and the poor

36. Wealth distribution in Colonial America

37. The Articles of Confederation
#2 - What was the Articles of Confederation? What was the problem with this document?
Articles of Confederation: Document setting up government for the U.S.; originally written in the Second Continental Congress & signed in Nov 1777, but re-written to form the U.S. Constitution.
Before the constitution, the 13 states ruled separately from one another.
State power > national government
States dramatically raised taxes which caused massive rebellions, but Congress could not do anything about it.
Convinced of the urgent need for reform, 12 states sent delegates to The Constitutional Convention.

38. The Constitution
At the Constitutional Convention, delegates produced The United States Constitution, which has governed the U.S. for more than 200 years!
Signed September 17, 1787
George Washington was elected as the first president.

39. Signers of the Constitution included: George Washington
“Our goal is to create a new government instead of fixing the existing one”
- James Madison
Signers of the Constitution included:
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton

42. Political Parties
During the creation of the Constitution, various political parties emerged.
Federalists: supported the Constitution and a strong national government
Anti-Federalists: opposed the Constitution, and wanted individual rights and state control
#3 - Describe the different beliefs of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.

43. #4 - One controversial issue over the Constitution was whether to add a Bill of Rights. What do you think? Was the Bill of Rights necessary or are these rights already granted under the Constitution?

44. The Bill of Rights
In 1791, ten amendments were added to the Constitution; these are known as The Bill of Rights.
Amendment: An addition or alteration made to the Constitution.
#5 - Are all of the amendments within the Bill of Rights relevant in today’s society? Are any outdated? Explain!

45. Bill of Rights Review
Read the following situations and answer the questions. The answer to each question is in the Bill of Rights.

46. The State of Iowa has designed an interstate highway to run through Mr
The State of Iowa has designed an interstate highway to run through Mr. and Mrs. Schwertley’s farm. The Schwertleys do not want to sell their land even though the state is paying them a fair market price for the land. Do they have to sell?
Yes, they must sell their land. The 5th Amendment says: “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation”

47. In a celebrated case, a movie star is charged with murder
In a celebrated case, a movie star is charged with murder. After a lengthy trial, the jury declares the actor “not guilty.” Several months after the trial is over, additional evidence is discovered that proves the actor committed the crime. Can the actor be tried again?
No! The fifth amendment states: “nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy”

48. A local animal rights organization doesn’t like the city’s dog leash ordinance. The organization coordinates a protest march, making sure their permits are in order. The day of the march, the leader is jailed. Is the arrest legal?
No! The first amendment guarantees a person’s right to peacefully assemble

49. A man is caught stealing a loaf of bread from a local store
A man is caught stealing a loaf of bread from a local store. He is arrested and convicted of the crime. The judge sentenced him to 30 days in jail and ordered that his right hand be cut off. The sentence was struck down. Why?
The eighth amendment states the government can not impose excessive fines, nor cruel and unusual punishment.

50. American Revolution Review Timeline