1. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

2. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Unit XXIII Twentieth-Century Nationalism “The art of music above all other arts is the expression of the soul of a nation. The composer must love the tunes of his country and they must become an integral part of him.” —Ralph Vaughan Williams

3. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 65. The European Tradition Traditional music approached scientifically Seeking authenticity

4. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools French: Les Six Satie Milhaud Honegger Tailleferre Poulenc Auric

5. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools Russian: Rachmaninoff Scriabin Shostakovich Prokofiev Khachaturian Prokofiev: Op 25, III

6. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools English: Elgar Delius Vaughan Williams Britten

7. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools German: Hindemith Orff Weill

8. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools Hungarian: Bartók Kodály

9. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools Czech: Janáček

10. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools Nordic: Sibelius Sibelius: Finlandia

11. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition National Schools Spanish: de Falla

12. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

13. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 68. Béla Bartók and the European Tradition Béla Bartók (1881-1945) Hungarian composer Hungarian music vs. music of Romany (Gypsies) Studied folklore Emigrated to the U.S. in 1940 Leukemia ASCAP Died in New York City at 64

14. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Bartók’s Music Logic and beauty of Classical form Musical language based on Eastern European traditional music New scales, polytonal harmonic language “Tyrannical rule of the major and minor keys” Rhythmic innovator, changing meters, syncopations

15. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra (Listening Guide) Boston Symphony Orchestra Five movements –I: Introduction, sonata-allegro, pentatonic scale –II: Game of Pairs, pairs of winds –III: Elegia, nocturne –IV: Interrupted Intermezzo, theme from Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 7 –V: Sonata-allegro form Listening Guide PDF

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17. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

18. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 69. American Musical Traditions Popular music in late-nineteenth-century America Devotional music (spirituals and gospel hymns) “White spirituals” Shape-note system Parlor and minstrel songs of Stephen Foster Bandmaster John Philip Sousa Composer/businessman Charles Ives “Armies of men… have turned to a better life by first hearing the sounds of a Salvation Army Band. The next time you hear a Salvation Army Band, no matter how humble, take off your hat.” —John Philip Sousa

19. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Popular Music in Late 19th-Century America Devotional music –Shapte-note noation Stephen Foster –Popular songs John Philip Sousa –Band, dance and operetta music

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21. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

22. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 70. Nationalism in the Americas Aaron Copland (1900–1990) American composer Paris, Nadia Boulanger Jazz idioms Neoclassicism and 12-tone composition Piano pieces, orchestral works, ballets, film scores “I no longer feel the need of seeking out conscious Americanism. Because we live here and work here, we can be certain that when our music is mature it will also be American in quality.” —Aaron Copland

23. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Copland: Billy the Kid (Listening Guide) William Bonney Ballet, later a concert suite Tunes of Wild West and Mexican dance (jarabe) Listening Guide PDF

24. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition 70. Nationalism in the Americas: Mexico Mexican culture draws on American Indian, Hispanic and African cultures Catholic Church powerful since 1519 Mexican composers of note: –Manuel Ponce –Carlos Chávez –Silvestre Revueltas

25. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940) Mexican composer Child prodigy (violin) Studies in Mexico and the U.S. Spanish Civil War (Loyalist) Returned to Mexico in 1937 Died at age 40 Music is colorful and folkloric Mexican provincial sound

26. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940) “There is in me a particular interpretation of nature. Everything is rhythm. …My rhythms are dynamic, sensual, vital; I think in images that meet in melodic lines, always moving dynamically.” —Silvestre Revueltas

27. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Revueltas: Homenaje a Federico García Lorca (Listening Guide) Chamber ensemble, small string section I: Baile (Dance), a quick-paced, duple-meter dance II: Duelo (Sorrow), based on a soulful emotional melody III: Son (traditional dance), evocative of mariachi ensemble Rondo-like form, celebrates Lorca’s life in dance Listening Guide PDF

28. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Mexican Mariachi Origins in region of Jalisco Violins, guitar, guittar ó n, vihuela, trumpets, harps Son genre combines 3 cultures –Indigenous –European –African

29. The Enjoyment of Music 10 th, Shorter Edition Son jalisciense: El Cihualteco (Listening Guide)Listening Guide Syncopated rhythms in melody and harmony Alternates sung sections with instrumental Violins and trumpets in parallel thirds Shifting accents from duple to triple (sesquialtera)

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