1. Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces

2. Overview of IP Communication Subnetting Overview Subnetting for Complex Networks

3. Lesson 1: Overview of IP Communication What Are the IPv4 Address Classes? What Is ARP? IPv4 Communication Within a Single Network IPv4 Communication Between Networks Demonstration: Using ARP

4. What Are the IPv4 Address Classes? Class C Small Network Class B Medium Network Class A Large Network

5. What Is ARP? The ARP protocol: Resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses Provides MAC addresses for IP frames Dynamically stores MAC addresses in the ARP cache The ARP tool: Displays the ARP cache Removes entries from the ARP cache Adds static entries to the ARP cache

6. IPv4 Communication Within a Single Network Computer B Computer A IP: 192.168.55.23 MAC: 00:43:D2:ED:1A:98 IP: 192.168.55.99 MAC: 2C:33:85:C2:AA:32 Determine local or remote network Resolve destination IP to MAC address Address packet Deliver packet to destination 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

7. IPv4 Communication Between Networks IP: 192.168.55.23 MAC: 00:43:D2:ED:1A:98 IP: 192.168.37.99 MAC: 2C:33:85:C2:AA:32 IP: 192.168.55.1 MAC: 6B:11:43:75:CB:11 IP: 192.168.37.1 MAC: 6B:11:43:75:CB:12 Determine local or remote network Resolve default gateway IP to MAC address Address and deliver packet to default gateway Resolve destination IP to MAC address Address and deliver packet to destination 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Computer B Computer A

8. Demonstration: Using ARP In this demonstration, you will see how to use ARP

9. Lesson 2: Subnetting Overview How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers What Is a Subnet? How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask How the Computer Determines Whether an IP Address Is Local or Remote

10. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 8-Bit Octet Decimal Value 128 64 32 16 8 8 4 4 2 2 1 1 2727 2727 2626 2626 2525 2525 2424 2424 2323 232322 2121 2121 2020 2020

11. What Is a Subnet? Subnet 1 131.107.10.0 Main Network 131.107.12.0 Subnet 2 131.107.3.0 131.107.10.12 131.107.12.31 131.107.3.27 131.107.12.7 Router

12. How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask Class B Address with Subnet Number of Subnets 254 Number of Hosts 254 Network IDHost ID 1 Subnet ID 0 12864 32 16 8 4 2 65,5348,1284,064 2,0321,016 50816,25632,512 0 254

13. How the Computer Determines Whether an IP Address Is Local or Remote Local and destination hosts’ IP addresses are each ANDed with their subnet masks 10011111111000000000000000000000 10011111111000000000011110000001 11111111111111110000000000000000 IP Address Subnet Mask Result 1 AND 1 = 1 Other combinations = 0 If ANDed results of source and destination hosts match, the destination is local

14. Lesson 3: Subnetting for Complex Networks Determining the Number of Subnet Bits Determining the Number of Host Bits Calculating Network Addresses Demonstration: Subnetting

15. Determining the Number of Subnet Bits You should: Choose the number of subnet bits based on the number of subnets required Use 2 n to determine the number of subnets available from n bits For five locations, three subnet bits are required 5 locations = 5 subnets required 2 2 = 4 subnets (not enough) 2 3 = 8 subnets

16. Determining the Number of Host Bits You should: Choose the number of host bits based on the number of hosts required on each subnet Use 2 n -2 to determine the number of hosts available on each subnet available from n bits For subnets 100 hosts, seven host bits are required 2 6 -2 = 62 hosts (not enough) 2 7 -2 = 126 hosts

17. Calculating Network Addresses To determine the Network IDs: 172.16.0.0 will be subnetted using three bits The subnet mask is 255.255.11100000.0 The lowest value bit in the subnet mask is the network ID increment The network IDs increment by 32 172.16.0.0 172.16.32.0 172.16.64.0 172.16.96.0 172.16.128.0 172.16.160.0 172.16.192.0 172.16.224.0

18. Demonstration: Subnetting In this demonstration, you will see how to perform subnetting

19. Lab: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces Exercise 1: Defining the Subnet Mask for a WAN Exercise 2: Defining the Hosts for a Network Estimated time: 60 minutes

20. Lab Review What is the value of the host bits for the network address? What is the value of the host bits for the broadcast address on a subnet?

21. Module Review and Takeaways Review Questions Real-world Issues and Scenarios Best Practices