1. Introduction to Hadith Studies
LESSON TEN
Methods of receiving and transmitting and the Hadith

2. Thamul (reception): Taking the Hadith from one narrator and preserving it, either by heart, or in a written form.
Ada (Conveyance) or (dictation): is narrating the Hadith to other narrator who is transmitting it further.
Transmitting: The following are the conditions which qualify a person to handle a Hadith.
Sane
Ability to distinguish between Hadith from a non-Hadith narration.
Good memory and alertness.

3. Methods of delivering the Hadith:
Listening: The student listens to the teacher and it includes two forms:
(a) Dictation: The teacher dictates the Hadith to the student who writes it down.
(b) Narration: The teacher narrates the Hadith to the student who listens to it.
2 Reading: The student reads the Hadith to his teacher who narrated it to him, or someone else read it and the student listened to it. In this case the teacher has to acknowledge the truth of what was read by the student or by other person and acknowledges that the student listened to it.

4. Handingover: The teacher hands over the book of Hadith which he wants his student to narrate from him. There are two kinds of handovers:
(a) Handover with permission: The teacher clearly gives the student the permission to narrate his Hadith . “I have given permission to this student to narrate on my behalf”.
(b) Handover without permission: The teacher says “This is what I heard and this is my narration” and does not mention anything about permission.

5. Writing: The teacher writes his Hadith with his own hand, or someone else writes for him with his permission. Then this letter or the written HADEETH is sent to the person who is going to narrate on his behalf. This also has two forms:
(a) Writing associated with the written permission to narrate on his behalf.
(b) Writing without any written permission to narrate
5 Information: The teacher informs the student that this book or the Hadith, which he narrates from so-and-so person can be narrated by the student, this can be without giving him any kind of permission or indication to narrate it on his behalf.

6. Bequest (wasiya): The narrator bequests while traveling or before dying to a person to narrate on his behalf his book of Hadith or his hadeeth after he dies.
Discovered/found (Wejada): wajada = found out, got knowledge about. If a narrator finds a written Hadith in a book of Hadith he did not directly hear it from the narrator, nor he has the permission to narrate it on his behalf nor was it handed over to him in any way. So that narrator must say that he found it and it was written by so-and-so….
Permission (‘Ijazaa) The teacher gives an ‘Ijazaa or a permission to his student to narrate on his behalf, and the student can request from the teacher to give him the ‘Ijazaa so that he can narrate on his behalf.

7. Note: In those days there were copyrights for narrations so if the teacher would not feel comfortable in his student, he may not give him permission to narrate on his behalf. In fact, if he finds out that the student or the narrator does not narrate properly then he can prohibit him to narrate his words and revoke the permit to narrate.
The ‘Ijazaa is a permission from the narrator to his student or to another narrator who can narrate on behalf of the one who granted him the permission, to narrate whatever he receives from him. The permission can be in two forms:
(a) Verbal
(b) written.

8. The written form is also classified in 3 types:
Brief permission: This type simply indicates that the permission has been granted to the narrator to narrate on his behalf.
Mediocre length permission: In this permission the whole sanad of the narrators is mentioned from who he narrates, until to which one of the infallible (as) it is linked.

9. 3 Elaborated permission: In this the teacher mentions all his teachers of Hadith, from whom he narrates, and mentions their permissions to narrate on their behalf , and mentions the sanad of the narrators linking every single one of them to the infallible (as)
One example of the lengthy permission is the permission of Allama Hilli to narrate his narrations, to the sons of Zahra, the Aleopians or the Halabis which is mentioned completely in Bihar Al-anwar, by Allama Majlisi vol. 109, chapter 3.

10. Benefits of permission
Information about the sanad of the Hadith to define which type of Hadith we are dealing with.
Getting blessed by being in one of the links of the Hadith by being one of the narrators who takes from the previous narrators and passes on to the next generation of narrators so he becomes one of the companions of the sanad which is blessed by being linking to Ahlul-Bayt (as).