1. Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: Review Unit 6 section of Packet TABLE OF CONTENTS: Which flask would have the lowest pressure? Assume the moles are the same in each flask, and the volume is constant as well. Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem PgLeftRight 40Table: MacromoleculesNotes: Macromolecules of Life 41Practice QuizGraphic Organizer 42Lab Analysis Q’sFood Test Lab 43SummaryNotes: Hydrocarbons 44Four SquareNotes: Fuels of the Future 45

2. Draw this on Page 44L Use up entire page Paste Notes on 44R Quickwrite3 Takeways on Video #1, and 2 (Global Warming) 3 Takeaways on Clip #3 (Biofuels)3 Sentence Summary

3. Unit 10: Nuclear Chemistry

4. What will be the fuel of the future?

5. Nuclear Energy? Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions to generate electricity The energy of the reaction heats water, which turns a turbine, which generates electrical energy.

6. Quickwrite: In 2 sentences explain what you see Unstable Uranium Plutonium may also be used

7. Nuclear Fission Fission – To split something Nuclear fission is when a very heavy nucleus splits into a smaller, more stable nucleus releasing tremendous amount of energy

8. What will be the fuel of the future?

9. Will it continue to be fossil fuels? Oh no, global warming! Sun radiation heats up earth. Some of the radiation bounces back into the atmosphere and is trapped by greenhouse gases (CO 2, methane, water vapor) The more pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels, the CO 2, the more radiation that is trapped in the atmosphere, the hotter our planet gets.

10. Consequences of rising CO 2

11. Rising CO 2 Unethical, not right?

12. 300 Years Of Fossil Fuels

13. What will be the fuel of the future?

14. Will it be Nuclear Fusion? Fusion – When two things combine into one Nuclear fusion is when two atomic nuclei fuse into one new atom. Example, two hydrogen nuclei combine to form Helium, resulting in a burst of energy

16. How is nuclear energy calculated? When compounds react the mass of the atoms is not the same as the end of the reaction. That’s is b/c the lost mass is converted into energy! Calculated by E = mc 2

17. Einstein’s Energy Equation E = energy (measured in Joules) m = mass (measured in kilograms) c = the speed of light, 3.0 x 10 8 m/s or 300,000,000

18. Example 1 You have a 2 kg object. Calculate the amount of energy that would be produced if you were to convert all of this mass into energy. (c = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s) E = mc 2 E= (2kg) (3.0 x 10 8 m/s) 2 E = 1.8 x 10 17 Joules

19. Example 2 You have a 5 kg substance. How much energy would be produced if this mass was converted to energy? (c = 3.0 x 10 8 ) E = mc 2 E= (5kg) (3.0 x 10 8 m/s) 2 E = 4.5 x 10 17 Joules

20. What will be the fuel of the future?

21. Biofuels? Cellulose?

22. SUMMARIZE and work on REVIEW PACKET Use the following terms in your summary on 44L: Fission Fusion Fossil Fuels Biofuels Einstein’s Equation

23. Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: P6 ONLY: Unit 7 Part of Packet due Monday P1-5: Unit 7 will be done in class TABLE OF CONTENTS: Contrast nuclear fission with nuclear fusion Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem PgLeftRight 40Table: MacromoleculesNotes: Macromolecules of Life 41Practice QuizGraphic Organizer 42Lab Analysis Q’sFood Test Lab 43SummaryNotes: Hydrocarbons 44Four SquareNotes: Fuels of the Future 45Practice: DecayNotes: Radioactive Decay

24. RADIOACTIVE DECAY

25. Radioactive Decay Unstable atoms breakdown Radioactive Decay – The spontaneous breakdown of the nucleus into a smaller nucleus, accompanied by the release of particles, radiation or both.

26. What are the 3 types of radioactive decay?

27. Alpha (α) Decay Alpha Decay – When an atom splits its nucleus into: 1.A smaller nucleus and 2.A Helium atom (2 protons, 2 neutrons). Observed often in very heavy atoms Alpha particles travel only a few cm in air Paper blocks alpha particles

28. Proton Numbe r Mass

29. Alpha Radiation

30. Beta (β) Decay Some elements are unstable because their proton to neutron ratio is too large. Beta decay converts neutrons to protons and releases an electron known as a beta particle neutron  proton + β Travel a few meters in the air Metals provide a shield against beta radiation. Electron

32. Beta Radiation

33. Gamma (γ) Decay Gamma rays are high energy waves that are released when nucleus goes from high energy state to low energy. Gamma radiation is the most dangerous. It can lead to DNA mutations and cancers. Gamma radiation requires thick pieces of lead/concrete in order to stop.

34. Gamma Radiation

35. Radiation Summary Type of RadiationDescriptionBlocked by? Alpha (α) Beta (β) Gamma (γ) The spitting of a nucleus into a smaller nucleus and a He atom (alpha particle Converts a neutron to a proton and an electron (beta particle) High energy waves that are released by nucleus Blocked by paper Blocked by metals Blocked by lead

36. Example 1 Label the following decay as alpha, beta or gamma decay 43 19 K  43 20 Ca + electron

37. Example 2 Label the following decay as alpha, beta or gamma decay 210 84 Po  206 82 Pb + 4 2 He

38. Example 3 Complete the following reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 14 7 N  ______ + _______

39. More Practice 1. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 39 19 K  2. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 3 1 H  3. Complete for alpha decay: 210 84 Po  4. Complete for alpha decay: 235 92 U 

40. Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: Study Unit 6-7 of Review Packet TABLE OF CONTENTS: Alpha decay of uranium results in : 235 92 U  Beta decay of uranium results in: 235 92 U  Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem PgLeftRight 40Table: MacromoleculesNotes: Macromolecules of Life 41Practice QuizGraphic Organizer 42Lab Analysis Q’sFood Test Lab 43SummaryNotes: Hydrocarbons 44Four SquareNotes: Fuels of the Future 45Practice: DecayNotes: Radioactive Decay

41. Thurs/Friday: Phet Simulation Packet Review, Unit 7 Stamp needed by the end of today