2. CP Psychology CHAPTER 4 The Brain and Behavior Section 4Q3 Mr. Freccia, NHS Glencoe Publishers

3. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3) How Psychologists Study the Brain Physiological Psychologists study the brain by recording, stimulating or by lesions Recording They use an EEG machine (Electroencephalograph) to records and monitor electrical brainwaves

4. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3)  Electrode implanted in reward (pleasure) center of the Hypothalamus  Rat will accept electrification in order to push a lever that stimulates reward center Stimulation Electrodes and chemicals are used to get neurons to fire in the brain. We can electrically/chemically activate pleasure, punishment, thirst, hunger, pain centers

5. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3)  Lesion: tissue destruction  a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue (to change behavior)

6. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3) Endocrine System: Sends chemical messages, “hormones” through the bloodstream which affect selected organ (and only that organ) at a particular time hypothalamus Pituitary Gland: (in brain) controlled by hypothalamus Is known as the “master gland” because it controls the entire hormonal system in your body Hormones: control cell metabolism in organs including growth/reproduction by regulating and storing nutrients

8. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3) Thyroid gland: produces hormones to control lethargy, laziness and over- activity Adrenal glands: releases adrenaline when angry to increase heart rate and breathing

9. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3) Evolution of human behavior stems from Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory Instincts: Species specific behaviors seen more in primitive animals than apes/humans Instincts are passed on genetically … not learned

10. The Brain and Behavior (4Q3) Heredity/Environment: (Nature/Nurture) Act together to control behavior Identical twin psychological studies are often used to test behavioral hypotheses