1. Human Effect: Land Use

2. Urbanization Physical growth of urban areas as result of rural migration Currently more people living in urban areas than rural areas (first time in history)

3. Urbanization Environmental Effects Heat Islands – solar radiation reflected by buildings, asphalt, etc Makes location hotter than surrounding areas Extra solar radiation not being used (plants, water, etc)

4. Urbanization Environmental Effects More people = more waste/trash Less plant life to clean air (increase air pollution) Acid rain – Decrease in pH of rain due to pollution

5. Urbanization Environmental Effects Increase of impermeable surfaces Water and other materials cannot pass through Leads to increased run off and flooding

6. Deforestation The removal of forests (rain, deciduous, etc.) Less C pulled from atmosphere Less oxygen produced Increase water runoff!! Decrease in biological diversity Bio-diversity down 30% in past 40 years

7. Deforestation

8. Agriculture Growing resources on land Increase population = increase agriculture Depletion of water (ground/surface) Salinization – build up of salts in soil; becomes useless to plants

9. Effects on Shorelines Increased population = increased development Decrease vegetation = decrease stability Human activity/recreation increases erosion (wind/water/etc) Dunes/barriers to help

10. Effects on Mountainsides Increase development = decrease in vegetation → increase in erosion Decrease in stability (rockfalls, rockslides, mudslides, mudflows)

11. Effects on Mountainsides Efforts to stabilize slopes Retaining walls/barriers Vegetation Rocks