1. Industrialization in United Canada 1850-67

3. Economics in United Canada
: Great Britain ends protectionism and adopts free trade policy.
Colonies (including United Canada) now need to compete against other countries.
1854 Canada signs Reciprocity Treaty with USA… they become trading partners.
Common market develops in Canada.

4. First Phase of Industrialization – 1850-1867
British Colonies need to make their own manufactured goods to sell.
Capitalist businessmen invest their money in creating factories and industries…they employ workers to produce goods in large quantities.

5. Transport Develops
Many canals were built for shipping, and to provide power to factories.
Railways were built to link cities and move products and raw materials.
Without TRANSPORTATION, there could be no INDUSTRY

8. Population Migration and Urbanization
The new industries needed workers!
Factories in Big Cities
People immigrated to Canada … settled in Canada West and got jobs.
French Canadians left farms and headed to cities… 400,000 went to the US for work. There was a RURAL EXODUS.

9. Urban Development…

10. Children in Factories

11. Social Conditions
Businessmen and factory owners don’t share profits… re-invest them in industries.
Working conditions: long hours, low $.
Social Classes develop:
Upper Class – Rich and influential
Middle Class – Well off, had a voice in pol.
Working Class – Unskilled, poorly paid.