1. Chapter 7 the Family a Primary Group

2. Read & Reflect The Rose that Grew From Concrete Did you hear about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete? Proving nature's law is wrong it learned to walk with out having feet. Funny it seems, but by keeping it's dreams, it learned to breathe fresh air. Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared.

3. Key Terms Nuclear Family Extended Family Blended or Reconstituted family Single- Parent Family Common- Law Family Arranged Marriages Free-choice marriages Shared roles Conventional roles Dual-careers Roles Spousal Abuse

4. Families: Forms and Functions Nuclear Family: two parents an children living together Extended Family: relatives in Addition to parents and unmarried children living together Blended or reconstituted family: parents with children from one or more previous marriages or unions Childless Family: a couple Single-parent family: a parent – either mother or father – with one or more children Common-law family: unmarried couple with or without children.

5. Families: Forms and Functions Hunting Gathering Societies: have existed for the greatest part of human history. The Inuit and Cree of northern Canada were once hunter-gatherers. Today some hunter gatherers continue tin remote parts of central Africa and South America. This type of family consists of 10-12 people, including parents, grandparents, children and unattached relatives. Both men and women are important to survival as typically, men hunt while women gather plants, berries and roots. In hunting and gathering societies, families meet most human needs

6. Families: Forms and Functions Agricultural Societies: Developed about 5000 years ago when people domesticated animals and planted crops Anthropologists believe that at this stage of development, the roles of men and women became more rigid. Men controlled the agricultural work and community responsibilities while women were responsible for work in the home. The family in agricultural societies met most human needs.

7. Families: Forms and Functions Industrial Societies emerged more than 200 years ago with the coming of the industrial revolution. Men & women moved to urban centers to look for work. Gender divisions increased as men took the best, well paying jobs, and women usually worked as unskilled jobs until they had to stay at home with the children. Smaller nuclear families were more mobile and better able to move to find work in industrial societies. Nuclear families became the norm.

8. Families: Forms and Functions Post-Industrial Society: 1950s and the 1960s many married women began working outside the home. Many worked to help support the family, but the feminist movement of the 1960s also had a powerful impact. Women found that working outside the home could be psychologically satisfying as well

9. Families: Forms and Functions Students will be split into 5 groups each group will have the task of creating a family picture. This picture must include all members of the family. The background of your pictures must feature the particular family form, Either Hunting Gathering, Agricultural, Industrial or post-Industrial. One group must create a picture of what today’s family would look like

10. Families: Forms and Functions Students will be split into 5 groups each group will have the task of creating a family picture or portrait. This picture must include all members of the family. The background of your pictures must feature the particular family form, Either Hunting Gathering, Agricultural, Industrial or post- Industrial. One group must create a picture of what tomorrow's family may look like

11. Families: Forms and Functions

13. Informal Survey On a blank sheet of paper Please state if you are male/female Do you ever plan on getting married? If you were to get married, what age would you plan on getting married? Would you rather marry someone or just live in close quarters with them (cohabitation)

14. Families: Forms and Functions Most Canadians do get married and form new families, in recent years, many seem to be putting it off a little. Between 1970 and 1991 the average age for men marrying for the first time climbed from 25 years of age to 30. The average age for women during that same period rose from 23 to 28 years. In 1996, 73.8 percent of Canadian adults were married., and 11.7 percent were common-law couples

15. Read Pages 147 & 148 complete questions. 1,2&3

16. Families: Forms and Functions Stage 1: Single Young adults move out of the parental home, but may come back for food or to do laundry. Stage2: Singles eventually marry. At first, both partners often work outside the home. Stage 3: The young couple starts a family. One parent may stay at home, but often both parents continue to work. Stage 4: The children become teenagers. Parents are usually 40 or older with established professional and personal lives. Teenagers often bring challenges to family life as they start to establish their independence and to follow their own schedules.

17. Families: Forms and Functions Stage 5: The teenagers grow into young adults and move away to school or into their own home. Stage 6: Parents now reach middle age. They may retire and seek new challenges in work or leisure Stage 7: retired couples may move to a smaller home, spend their time in new interests and pursuits such as travel and often enjoy spending time with their children and grandchildren. Different forms of families will follow different cycles. For example, for single-parent families, reconstituted families

18. Families: Forms and Functions Is this the model for how Families form and grow?

19. Families: Forms and Functions Types of Marriages Arranged marriage or a Free-choice marriage

20. Families: Forms and Functions Arranged Marriages: have been the norm in many societies for centuries. Such marriages are considered as a union between two families not between two individuals. These marriages often reflect the religious social or cultural concerns of the families. Supporters of arranged marriages say these marriages have a better chance of success and that partners learn to love each other over time. Other supporters suggest that marriage is too important to leave to the whims of young people. Let’s read Pg 150+153 question 1&2 153 3&5

21. Families: Forms and Functions Free-Choice Marriages: are often based on romantic love with the belief that personal and emotional compatibility and love are more important than family concerns. Individuals tend to choose partners similar to themselves in a number of ways. Marriage partners tend to live in the same geographic area and to come from similar social and cultural groups. Let’s read Pg 150+153

22. Families: Forms and Functions Arranged Marriages Free-Choice Marriage d c b a b b b b b b b b

23. Families: Forms and Functions Social Role: can be defined as the attitudes behaviour, responsibilities and rights that accompany a social position in society. Each one of us plays many roles in our lives: friend, son, daughter, parent, employee, student and others. Conventional Roles: This division of roles is based on the belief that men and women have separate areas of activity. The woman usually takes primary responsibility for the home and child rearing. The man works outside the home. When women work outside the home it may be part-time work. However this is changing as more and more women remain in the labour force after beginning a family

24. Families: Forms and Functions Shared Roles: both partners work outside the home and assume household responsibilities. In this form, employed women still take primary responsibility for housework, spending on average 20 – 37 hours a week on it. Men spend about 10-15 hours a week. Dual-Career roles: both spouses have permanent career for which they are specially trained, Sharing of household tasks is often more equal. Family income is likely high so the couple can afford to buy services, Satisfaction is high but so is stress ( 2 careers)

25. Families: Forms and Functions Read the case study on page 161-162 and answer questions on the bottom right hand corner.

26. Ch 8 Groups Key Terms Social Group Crowd Primary group Secondary Groups Network Roles Norms Sanctions Clique Leadership

27. Ch 8 Groups A Social Group refers to 2 or more people who interact with each other and are aware of having something in common. We belong to some social groups because we were born into them. Examples?... Social groups can help to satisfy important psychological or social needs such as giving and receiving affection or providing a sense of belonging. Other such as schools and work groups help us achieve goals.

28. Ch 8 Groups Crowd: A crowd such as riders on a bus, may have little or nothing to do with each other even if they are in the same place at the same time. A collection of people who have come together for a specific purpose. Primary Group: A small group whose members have personal, often emotional, relationships with each other. The 1 st and most important groups in our lives. Secondary Groups: More impersonal and formal than primary groups. Usually characterized by temporary and short-term relationships. The individuals judge each other more by what they can do and what they can offer the organization by who they are.

29. Ch 8 Groups Network: networks connect people who normally would have little interaction with each other. A network can include a large number of people at great distances from each other. “Can you hear me now?” How extensive is your network?

30. Ch 8 Groups Network: networks connect people who normally would have little interaction with each other. A network can include a large number of people at great distances from each other. “Can you hear me now?” How extensive is your network? Roles: Behaviours that individuals within a group are expected to perform. Norms: The rules within a group that indicate how members should behave

31. Ch 8 Groups Clique: an exclusive group that includes a small number of chosen members. Examples…? Instrumental Leadership: Organizes a group in pursuit of certain goals. An instrumental leader defines the goals and determines ways to achieve them. E,G Political leaders and leaders of organizations. Expressive leadership: Creates harmony and solidarity among group members. An expressive leader keeps morale high.

32. Ch 8 Groups Authoritarian Leaders: This form of leadership is effective in emergencies when speed and efficiency outweigh other considerations this type of leadership works well in the military. Democratic Leaders: Democratic leaders are effective if there is disagreement over goals and methods or concerns for individual rights. Democratic leadership is effective in teaching group members to take responsibility for actions and decisions.

33. Ch 8 Groups Laissez-Faire Leader: Make little attempt to direct or organize the group, which functions mostly on its own. This kind of leadership may be less effective in promoting group goals than other types of leadership Charismatic Leader: A leader who has the ability to inspire followers with great enthusiasm and commitment.

34. Ch 8 Groups Sanctions: The means by which the group rewards or punishes members to control their behaviour. Read Page 175 and answer the questions on the bottom right hand corner pg 175.