1. Schoenberg “Peripetie” for Five Orchestral Pieces

2. Essay Question- Melody  Klangfarbenmelodie (“tone-colour-melody”)- melody is broken up and passed around different instruments  Short distinct melodies or motifs  The most important melody line is called the principle voice

3. Essay Question- Harmony/Tonality  Atonal- not written in a key  Uses hexachords- a group of six semitones used in short melodic ideas and in chords (usually creates dissonance)  The other six semitones not used are called the “complement”

4. Essay Question- Texture  Complex contrapuntal texture-lots of separate melodic lines played all at once  Texture changes repeatedly and quickly  Lots of complicated rhythms playing at once creates a thick texture  Sudden reduction to a thin texture - solo lines for instruments for quiet contrast

5. Essay Question- Structure  Free rondo with 5 sections - doesn’t conform to traditional structure  Section A (Bars 1-18) Every instruments playing, melody passed around, instruments play in groups  Section B (Bars 18-34) Very thick texture- instruments all playing different rhythms and overlapping  Section A’ (Bars 35-43) Hexachord played by the horns  Section C (Bars 44-58) Thin texture- solo lines in cello and double bass. Calm and quiet.  Section A’’ (Bars 59-66) Variation of Section A, instruments build up to fff chord, then finishes with pp chord in horns and double basses

6. Essay Question- Instruments  Large post Romantic orchestra  Quadruple woodwind section, large brass section, percussion and strings  Instrumentation changes in each section of the Rondo  Moving melody between instruments changes the timbre of the piece  Quick changes between families of the orchestra  Tricky scores- very high and very low with lots of leaps

7. Essay question - Timbre  The timbre (tone) of the instruments is as important as the melody  Shcoenberg uses the extreme ranges of the instruments to create interest

8. Schoenberg- Background  Schoenberg composed in the Expressionist period (early 20 th century)  Schoenberg was born in1874 and wrote music that showed short, extreme bursts of emotion  Expressionist music was atonal- avoided normal keys and chords  He believed that each of the 12 semitones were equally important  Peripetie was written in 1909

9. Test: Melody  Write 2 things about melody

10. Test: Harmony/Tonality  Write 2 things about harmony and tonality

11. Test: Texture  Write 2 things about texture

12. Test: Structure  Write 2 things about structure

13. Test: Instruments  Write 2 things about instruments

14. Essay question - Timbre  Write 2 comments about timbre

15. Schoenberg- Background  Which period is the set work from?  When was this peiod?  What did shcoenberg think was equally important?  When was Peripetie written?