1. Files and Directories Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See http://software-carpentry.org/license.html for more information. The Unix Shell

2. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Communicate with each other Interact with us Run Programs Store Data

3. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Communicate with each other Interact with us Run Programs Store Data shell

4. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell

5. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system

6. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system files

7. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system filesdirectories

8. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system filesdirectories Use the shell to view and change the file system

9. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Store Data shell file system filesdirectories Use the shell to run commands to view what's in the file system

10. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login:

11. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login:computer prompt in bold

12. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login:computer prompt in bold explanatory text in blue

13. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vladuser input in green

14. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** password

15. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ shell prompt

16. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ shell prompt like Python's >>> and …

17. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami check user ID

18. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami check user ID shell finds the whoami program

19. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami check user ID shell finds the whoami program runs it

20. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad check user ID shell finds the whoami program runs it prints its output

21. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ check user ID shell finds the whoami program runs it prints its output displays a new prompt

22. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd what is the working directory

23. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd what is the working directory the directory used when no other directory is explicitly specified

24. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $

25. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ root

26. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ / root

27. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ / root

28. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bin / root

29. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindata / root

30. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatausers / root

31. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root

32. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root

33. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

34. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

35. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

36. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ bindatauserstmp / root imhoteplarryvlad

37. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls stands for "listing"

38. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls stands for "listing" sadly more memorable than most command names

39. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin data mail music notes.txt papers pizza.cfg solar solar.pdf swc $

40. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ an argument or flag modifying the command's behavior

41. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction login: vlad password: ******** $ whoami vlad $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ adds a trailing '/' to directory names

42. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ vlad binmusicmail papers data solar notes.txt pizza.cfg solar.pdf swc

43. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ By convention, use filename extension to indicate file type

44. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ By convention, use filename extension to indicate file type.txt for text,.pdf for PDF,.cfg for configuration file, etc.

45. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls -F bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ By convention, use filename extension to indicate file type.txt for text,.pdf for PDF,.cfg for configuration file, etc. But this is only a convention, not a guarantee

46. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls –F data

47. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls –F data amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

48. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction vlad data a relative path $ ls –F data amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

49. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction vlad data a relative path relative to current working directory $ ls –F data amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

50. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

51. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction an absolute path $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

52. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction an absolute path leading '/' means "from root" $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

53. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction bindatauserstmp / imhoteplarryvlad an absolute path leading '/' means "from root" so it always refers to this directory $ ls –F /data access.log backup/ hardware.cfg network.cfg $

54. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $

55. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $

56. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data

57. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data change directory

58. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction change directory actually doesn't change the directory $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data

59. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction change directory actually doesn't change the directory changes the shell's idea of which directory we are in $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data

60. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data $ pwd /users/vlad/data $

61. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ ls amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

62. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction because we're now "in" this directory $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ cd data $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ ls amino_acids.txt elements/ morse.txt pdb/ planets.txt sunspot.txt $

63. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $

64. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd..

65. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. the directory above the current one

66. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. the directory above the current one its parent directory

67. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $

68. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $

69. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/

70. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ "show all"

71. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ parent directory

72. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ parent directory /users

73. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction $ pwd /users/vlad/data $ cd.. $ pwd /users/vlad $ ls bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ $ ls -F -a./../ bin/ data/ mail/ music/ notes.txt papers/ pizza.cfg solar/ solar.pdf swc/ this directory itself

74. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows

75. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad

76. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Drive letter

77. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Drive letter Each drive is a separate file system

78. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Backslash \ as separator

79. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Backslash \ as separator Unix uses \ to escape special characters in names like my\ files.txt

80. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Case insensitive

81. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Case insensitive c:\users\vlad C:\USERS\VLAD C:\uSeRs\VlAd

82. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories"

83. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories" And use / instead of \

84. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories" And use / instead of \ But still case insensitive

85. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction Things are different on Windows C:\Users\vlad Cygwin: /cygdrive/c/Users/vlad Map drive letters to "directories" And use / instead of \ But still case insensitive Can't put backup.txt and Backup.txt in a directory

86. Files and DirectoriesIntroduction pwd print working directory cd change working directory ls listing. current directory..parent directory

87. August 2010 created by Greg Wilson Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See http://software-carpentry.org/license.html for more information.