1. Evidence of Evolution
"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution" Theodosius Dobzhansky

2. #1: The Fossil Record Similar forms suggest gradual modification
different layers of rock (gradual change)
Similar forms suggest gradual modification

5. #2 Geographical Distribution
Galapagos Finches – different islands, slightly different characteristics
Species on different continents descended from different ancestors but share features in common due to similar environmental conditions

8. #3: Homologous Body Structures
Similar structures, different function
Arms, wings, legs, flippers

9. Homology
bat wing
bird wing
human arm

10. Analogous Structures
Different structure, similar functions
Butterfly vs. bat wing

11. Homology vs Analogy bird wing butterfly wing bat wing fly wing
  Homology (shared ancestry) versus  Analogy (convergent evolution)
bird wing
butterfly wing
bat wing
fly wing

12. #4: Vestigial Organs Serve little or no function
Human appendix useless yet in other mammals, it is necessary to aid in digestion of high cellulose diet
May play role in immune response

14. Other Examples:
Human wisdom teeth vestigial compared to other primates

15. WISDOM TEETH Third molars
When human diets consisted of mostly raw and unprocessed foods that required the extra chewing and grinding power
Today they are not needed for chewing and, because they can crowd other teeth, are often removed.

16. Other Vestigial Examples
Some snakes have skeletal limbs
Boa: remnant of pelvic girdle

17. Humans have tailbones and some babies occasionally have tails

18. Some Vestigial Structures May Be Adapted for a New Use
Penguins: wing not used for flying but for swimming

19. #5: Similarities in Early Development
Embryos of many animals with backbones are similar (especially in early stages)

21. Similarity in DNA sequences
#6: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
GENETIC SIMILARITIES
HUMANS vs. _________
# of Chromosomes
Similarity in DNA sequences
CHIMPANZEES 48
98.8%
GORILLAS
98.4%
BABOONS 42
93.4%

22. #7: Mimicry and Camouflage
Owl Moth
Frog Fish Sponge

23. Camouflage
Uroplatus Gecko
Leaf-Tailed Gecko
Toads