1. Social Culture & Change Unit 9

2. Sources of Social Change Environment ◦ Natural Disasters Population ◦ Birth rates ◦ Death rates ◦ Subcultures

3. Sources of Social Change Technology ◦ Technological Determinism ◦ Automation ◦ Cultural lag ◦ Cultural Innovation  Discovery  Invention  Diffusion

4. Sources of Social Change Modernization ◦ Industrialization ◦ Urbanization ◦ Bureaucratization ◦ Convergence Theory

5. Sources of Social Change Human Interactions ◦ Human action ◦ Collective behavior  Environmental Factors  Lack of Norms  Relative Deprivation  Breakdown of Social Control ◦ Social movement

6. Sources of Social Change Global Development ◦ Developed countries = rich ◦ Undeveloped countries = poor

7. Theories of Social Change Sociocultural Evolution Theory ◦ Mutilinear ◦ Simple to Complex Cyclical Theory ◦ Spengler: Society as an organism ◦ Toynbee: Society as a response to a challenge ◦ Sorokin: Sensate (gratification) and Ideational (faith) societies

8. Theories of Social Change Functionalist ◦ Emile Durkheim ◦ Talcott Parsons  Equilibrium Theory Conflict ◦ Karl Marx Interactionist ◦ Erving Goffman  Dramaturgical

9. World System Model World System Colonial System Imperialism Neocolonialism Multinational Corporations

10. Social Change Revolution Collective Behavior ◦ Neil Smelser’s 6 Conditions Triggering Collective Behavior  Structural Conductiveness  Structural Strain  Generalized Belief  Precipitating Factors  Mobilization of Participants toward Action  Social Control

11. Group Behavior Crowds ◦ Casual Crowd ◦ Conventional Crowd ◦ Expressive Crowd ◦ Solidaristic Crowd ◦ Active Crowd  Mob  Riot

12. Group Behavior Gustave le Bon ◦ Contagion Theory  Invincibility  Suggestibility Lewis Killian ◦ Emergent-Norm Theory

13. Mass Behavior Diffuse Crowds Mass Behavior ◦ Panic ◦ Mass Hysteria ◦ Disaster Behavior ◦ Fashion ◦ Fads ◦ Crazes

14. Collective Communication Mass Media Technological Development ◦ Cell phone ◦ Email ◦ Txtng ur bff Negative Communication ◦ Rumor ◦ Gossip

15. Collective Communication Neutral Communication ◦ Public Communication ◦ Opinion Leaders ◦ Propaganda ◦ Urban Legends

16. Social Movements 4 Primary Social Movements ◦ Reform Movements ◦ Revolutionary Movements ◦ Resistance (Regressive) Movements ◦ Expressive (Utopian) Movements

17. Social Movements The 4 Stage Life Course ◦ Preliminary Stage ◦ Popular Stage (Legitimization) ◦ Formal Organizational Stage (Bureaucratization) ◦ Institutional Stage

18. Terrorism Terrorism ◦ State Terrorism ◦ Revolutionary Terrorism

19. Theories of Social Movement Psychological Theories ◦ Social movements as deviance Strain Theories ◦ Deprivation Resource Mobilization Theories ◦ John McCarthy & Mayer Zald

20. Population Counts Population Census Vital Statistics ◦ Population Projections ◦ Population Forecasts Population Composition ◦ Gender Ratio ◦ Racial Ratio ◦ Educational Ratio ◦ SES Ratio

21. Population Growth 3 Factors to Population Growth ◦ Fertility (birth) Rates ◦ Mortality (death) Rates  Age-specific death rates  Neonatal & infant mortality rates ◦ Migration (attrition) Rates  International  Internal  Immigration  Emmigration

22. Population Growth Life Span Life Expectancy Population Growth Demographic Transition Theory ◦ High Birth/High Death ◦ High Birth/Low Death ◦ Low Birth/Low Death Zero Population Growth

23. Population Control Family Planning Antinatalism Economic Incentives Economic Improvements

24. Urbanization Urbanization Metropolis ◦ City ◦ Suburb ◦ Rural Megalopolis Edge Cities Gentrification into low SES areas

25. Urbanization Herbert Gains: 5 Major Groups in Cities ◦ Cosmopolites ◦ Unmarried & Childless ◦ Ethnic Villagers ◦ The Deprived ◦ The Trapped

26. Urban Ecology ◦ Ecological Segregation ◦ Invasion & Succession Ernest Burgess ◦ Concentric Zone Model Social Area Analysis

27. Urban Theory Ferdinand Tonnies ◦ Gemeinschaft ◦ Gesellischaft Louis Wirth ◦ 3 Characteristics of Cities: Size, Population Density, and Social Diversity’ Herbert Gans ◦ Suburban culture a product of status & class

28. Social Conflict War vs Peace Arms Race Nuclear War War on Terror

29. Social Conflict Nuclear War ◦ 4 Principle (Immediate) Effects  Electromagnetic Pulse  Explosive Blast (pressure jump)  Excessive Heat  Direct Radiation ◦ Long-Term Effects  Fallout  Early Fallout  Delayed Fallout