1. Aim: What are the problems of development in Pakistan?

2. Mohammed Ali Jinnah: Founding figure of Pakistan

3. Jinnah and Gandhi

4. Mohammed Ali Jinnah 1876-1948 Loss of leader who might have crafted unity, secularism Largely led by military rulers since Some periods of highly corrupt political parties

5. Pakistan and Bangladesh: Religion was not enough for unity Bangladesh declares independence, with Indian help, in 1971

6. Both India and Pakistan occupy parts of Jammu and Kashmir

7. Religion in Jammu and Kashmir

8. Pakistan ’ s Ethnic Divisions

9. “Federally Administered Tribal Areas”: Pakistani government has almost no control over these areas

10. Which way should Pakistan “turn?”

11. Which way should Pakistan “turn?” Towards Afghanistan? Away from modernization; towards Islam and tribalism

12. Which way should Pakistan “turn?” Towards India? Makes sense geographically, but would involve burying the hatchet; and Kashmir?

13. Which way should Pakistan “turn?” Towards China? Will be the perennial “little brother”

14. Which way should Pakistan “turn?” Towards Afghanistan? Away from modernization; towards Islam and tribalism Towards India? Makes sense geographically, but would involve burying the hatchet; and Kashmir? Towards China? Will be the perennial “little brother”