1. Antibiotics

2. Defination
An antibiotic is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. So often called as antibacterials.

3. History The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman.
Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

4. Alexander Fleming

5. Why we use antibiotics??
Antibiotics are use to treat infection caused by bacteria and protoza.
Such as :-
Illness.
Stomach infection.

7. Classification on the basis of action
bactericidal
bacteriostatic
It kills bacteria directly.
For ex. Penicillin, monobactams, daptomycin, nitrofurantion, cephalosporin, vancomycin,
It prevents them from dividing.
For ex. Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erthryomycin, trimethoprim

8. Antibiotics Dose – dependent Time – dependent
Antibiotic effect directly depends on their concentration in the locus of inflammation.
High dose 1 -2 times/24 hour.
Ex. Aminoglycosides
Effectiveness depends upon a period of time, during which concentration in blood overwhelms MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) for a particular causative agent
Ex. Beta- lactames

9. Antibiotics

10. Principles to choose
Presence of substantiated indications for prescription of an antibiotic.
Choosing of the most effective and the least toxic drug, in time administration
Introduction of optimal doses with optimal frequency, taking into consideration complexity of the disease
Estimation of duration of treatment
Control after treatment
Monitoring and prophylaxis of negative side effects

11. Side effects Adverse effects are fever and nausea
Including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
Major are allergic reactions

12. Antibiotic
There are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol should be avoided completely, because of serious side-effects. So its sensible to avoid it.

13. Antibiotics Penicillin G Telethromycin Brand name - Pentids
Used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease
Chemical formula - C16H18N2O4S
Brand name – Ketek
Used for the treatment of Pneumonia
Chemical formula - C43H65N5O10

14. Penicillium G

15. Telethromycin

16. Submitted to – Divyajyoti sir
Submitted by – harmanpreet kaur(2951) shonam(2911) lavishA(2961) ZOOLOGY 1ST YEAR 1ST SECTION