1. 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 195019601970198019902000 Year CO 2 Concentration ppm 1940 1900 82% 18% Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

2. 82% 18% 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 -1000-5000500100015002000 Year Sea Surface temperature °C Medieval Climate Optimum Little Ice Age Temperature of Sargaso Sea

3. -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 17501800 1850 190019502000 Year Solar Magnetic Cycle Length years 18 20 22 24 26 Deviation from 1951-1970 Mean °C Surface Temperature vs. Solar Cycle Length Northern Hemisphere

4. 10 11 12 13 189019101930195019701990 Year US National Temperature °C United States Surface Temperature

5. -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 19581968197819881998 Year Deviation from 1979-1996 mean °C Global Lower Troposphere Balloon

6. -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 19781983198819931998 Year Deviation from 1979-1996 mean °C Global Lower Troposphere Satellite

7. -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 19791984198919941999 Year Deviation from 1979 - 1996 °C SatelliteBalloon

8. -1.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 19791984 1989 1994 Years Deviation from 1979 - 1996 °C North America Surface vs. Satellite

9. Qualitative Greenhouse Effect Present GHE Radiative Effect of CO 2 Hypothesis 1 IPCC Hypothesis 2 Greenhouse Effects and Hypotheses

10. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Watts per square meter Ocean Surface Flux Correction North-South Heat Flux by Motions Humidity Clouds Greenhouse ( Doubled CO2) Climate Model Uncertainties

11. -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 19781983198819931998 Year Temperature change from 1979 °C IPCC Predicted Global Warming Trend Global Lower Tropospheric Temperature

12. -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 188019001920194019601980 Year Deviation from 1890 °C 280 310 340 370 CO 2 Concentration ppm

13. - 0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 10,000100,0001,000,00010,000,000 Population of County Temperature trend per Decade 1940-1996 °C Heat Island Effect in California

15. -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 19931994199519961997 Year Sea Level change millimeters Global Sea Level

16. 0 20 40 60 80 100 1940195019601970198019902000 Year Maximum attained Wind Speed Meters per Second Number of Violent Hurricanes 0 5 10 Atlantic Hurricanes

17. Long-lived Pine Trees

18. Young Pine Trees

19. 600 700 800 19501960197019801990 Year Hardwoods and Softwoods Billions of Cubic Feet United States Standing Timber

20. 0 100 200 300 400 Relative Growth 400 ppm CO 2 700 ppm CO 2 171 % 175% 107 % 127 % Trunk & Limbs Young Orange Trees Fine Roots Young Orange Trees Trunk & Limbs Mature Orange Trees Oranges per Tree

21. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 1 Grain Yield Kg per hectare 370 ppm CO 2 550 ppm CO 2 Dry Wet 1992-93 1993-94 12% 21% 25% 8% Wheat

22. 279 Plant Experiments

23. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Production Normalized to 100 at 280 ppm 280 ppm CO2 360 ppm CO2 Dry Wheat Wet Wheat Oranges Orange Trees Young Pine Trees 10% 4% 34% 29% 65%

24. 0 50 10 0 150 200 250 300 350 400 Production Normalized to 100 at 280 ppm 280 ppm CO2 600 ppm CO2 Dry WheatWet Wheat Oranges Orange Trees Young Pine Trees 18% 41% 135% 265% 114%