1. Inca Empire 20 million people (same size population as Australia) When Europeans arrived in the Americas, they believed they needed to ‘civilize’ the indigenous population. In your opinion, were the Europeans the more civilized culture?

2. Aztecs Civilization of 500 small states, and some 5 to 6 million people (like the modern population of Norway) Tenochtitlán, their capital, where modern-day Mexico City is located, at its height had more than 140,000 inhabitants, and was so well organized it was the largest ancient city in North America – and still is, to this day. (Venice, Italy had the same population at that time)

3. Objectives WWBAT describe the cultures of the Aztec, Inca, and Maya, citing their greatest achievements WWBAT contrast the civilizations with each other and European Culture

4. What does Europe Look Like during the height of the Inca and Aztec? Have similar social class structure called ‘feudalism and serfdom’ surrounding an agricultural society Run by an ‘Aristocracy’ (upper class by birth) and ‘Monoarchy’ (royal families) Dominant militaries ruled Major disagreements regarding freedom of religion, (significant persecution) Monotheistic in focus, and church had a lot of political power Major issues of plagues and disease Scientists persecuted (systematically and intentionally mistreated) Lots of developments in art, a lot religious in context

5. Do Now Pro’s and con’s of OUR civilization:

6. Inca: Resources Western part of South America Andes Mountains

7. What was the geography of the Inca Empire? Mountainous Use of extensive roads terraced farming

8. Division of Labor: What is the Economy of the Inca Empire? Economics Earning and controlling of money Economy of Inca was controlled by the government no merchants (traders, people who bought and sold things) government gave people all that they needed people had to pay taxes

9. Government: How did the Inca unify the empire? Government was central to all people everyone had to participate in government One official language, not written http://tv.unsw.edu.au/video/quechua-the-fading- inca-language Still not everyone was on board with the policies and there were sometimes wars between the states

10. What was the Social Structure of the Inca empire? Two Classes nobles, government officials, and Kings Workers Established cultural beliefs about your role in society: “Don’t lie, don’t cheat, don’t be lazy!” - Ancient Quecha greeting

11. Religion Polytheism human sacrifice

12. Cultural Achievements Machu Picchu -7,970 feet

14. Resources of Aztecs Central Area of Mexico (for about 300 years) Originally called “Aztlan” which is why we call them Aztecs Lived on an island and built causeways (roads across water) Had big farms – some that floated!

15. Warfare among the Aztecs. Triple Alliance (3 city-states that had a lot of power) conquered other city-states and forced them to pay tributes to the central authority. made Aztec civilization stretch from Pacific ocean to gulf of Mexico

16. Division of Labor Advanced trade network: chocolate was currency! (well, it’s because chocolate is a valuable commodity – you make friends that way) Merchant class super important, used slaves to transport goods, with warrior chaperones to keep them safe. Merchants would in turn help the military by being spies and helping the warriors bling it up with cool stuff they traded for.

17. Government Formed alliances to manage vast territory of city-states each with their own lower-level king City-states fought with each other

18. Society King (a partial god) i.e. Theocracy Artisans, farmers Slaves

19. Religion Polytheistic – connected to nature believed human sacrifice would please the Gods because gods sacrificed themselves to create the universe sacrificed up to 10,000 people a year usually sacrificed slaves or prisoners of war

20. Cultural Achievements 365-Day Calendars: 18 months of 20 days each, and 5 extra ‘unlucky days’

21. Sports! Medicine! Color!

22. Language Nahuatl Recorded history using pictographs What can we learn about their since they have left behind a written language? A Song of Sorrow ( icnocuicatl) We know it is true that we must perish, for we are mortal men. You, the Giver of Life, you have ordained it. We wander here and there in our desolate poverty. We are mortal men. We have seen bloodshed and pain, where once we saw beauty and valor. We are crushed to the ground, we lie in ruins in Mexico and Tlatelolco, where once we saw beauty and valor. Have you grown weary of your servants, are you angry with your servants, O Giver of Life?

23. Cortez Spanish conquistador (means conqueror – their intent was to destroy cultures they saw as inferior) wanted to conquer land, search for gold, spread Catholicism came to current day Mexico Was at first defeated, but… Made alliances with Aztec’s neighboring enemies conquered the Aztec empire unknowingly bringing diseases with them

24. Writing Summary of Ancient Americas: Which civilization (Maya, Inca, Aztec) would you wanted to live in** and why? Consider all characteristics of their civilization in your reasoning. (**during the height of their civilization – don’t say ‘not Aztec because I don’t want to die of smallpox’)