1. Comparison of Inertial Profiler Measurements with Leveling and 3D Laser Scanning Abby Chin and Michael J. Olsen Oregon State University Road Profile Users Group 28 September 2011

2. Outline Research Objectives & Plan 3D Laser Scanning Field Data Observations & Future Work 1

3. Research Objectives Establish certification test site Determine repeatability and accuracy of reference profiler (inclinometer) Develop procedures and guidelines for certification of inertial profilers 2

4. Background ODOT is implementing IRI-based incentive/disincentive program Certification on site proved difficult Inertial profilers were showing great repeatability, but did not meet AASHTO criteria 3

5. Research Plan Compare Methods Inertial Profiler Terrestrial LiDAR Rod and Level Inclinometer Profilers Develop Certification Procedure Guidelines Pavement Texture Analysis Study Roughness and Aggregate Size 4

6. What is LiDAR? Original Slide by: Evon Silvia - Oregon State University D = 0.5c  t c = speed of lightc = speed of light  t = travel time  t = travel timeD tttt LiDAR = Light Detection and Ranging

7. Terrestrial LiDAR Time of Flight System Produces 3D Point Cloud ~5 mm Accuracy at 50 m Data are Geo-referenced Targets GPS 6

8. Equipment 7 Camera Power Source Scanner GPS Computer

9. Data Point Cloud X Y Z coordinates R G B color mapped Intensity value (return signal strength) 3D model 8

10. Point Cloud Example 9

11. 10

12. Laser Scanning Advantages Multiple Profiles Redundant Data Dense Point Cloud (1-5 cm Spacing) Quick Data Acquisition Improved Safety Road Open to Traffic Identify Localized Depressions Continual Evaluation As Built Survey Data 11

13. Laser Scanning Disadvantages Individual measurements accurate to +/- 5mm Objects can block line of sight Field setup time Data processing requires training and time 12

14. Mobile Laser Scan System 13 Laser scanner Camera GPS receiver

15. Mobile Laser Scan Example 14

16. Test Site – Albany, Oregon 15

17. Field Testing 16

18. Field Test Setup 17 528 ft Section 6 Scan Positions Every 50 m GPS used to determine position 5 Targets Every 50 m Total station used to determine position

19. Point Cloud 18

20. Point Cloud – Colored from Photos 19

21. Field Data - Workflow Obtain 3D point cloud Prune data to roadway Statistically filter data to specified spacing Obtain profile using GIS Input data in ProVAL 20

22. Editing Point Clouds 21

23. Statistical Filtering Process 22 http://www.lidarnews.com/content/view/8378/136/

24. Inclinometer Profiler Left – 66 in/mi Right – 84 in/mi IRI Comparisons 23 Laser Scanner Left – 73 in/mi Right – 88 in/mi

25. ProVAL Data – Left Wheel Path 24 Inclinometer Scanner

26. ProVAL Data – Right Wheel Path 25 Inclinometer Scanner

27. Observations Data between inclinometer profiler and laser scanner is offset Offset gets larger Laser scan data filtered to 1 ft intervals Visible noise in the data Starting points may not be exactly the same 26

28. Laser Scan Data Comparison - Worst 27 1 ft Spacing 0.5 ft Spacing 0.25 ft Spacing Grid Cell Dimensions 2” V x 20’ H

29. Laser Scan Data Comparison - Best 28 1 ft Spacing 0.5 ft Spacing 0.25 ft Spacing Grid Cell Dimensions 2” V x 20’ H

30. Localized Depressions 29 Right End Middle Section

31. Questions to Investigate Laser Scanning Can the noise be smoothed out while taking advantage of the dense data? i.e. close point spacing Compare the profiles in ProVAL Are IRI values consistent? Do the distance vs. elevation plots agree? What are the reasons for any discrepancies? 30

32. Future Work Obtain and compare additional profiles from test site Laser Scanning Inertial Profiler Rod & Level Create procedures and guidelines for certification 31

33. Questions? 32