1. The Effect of Ice to the Operculum Movement of the Fish Group 6

2. Introduction Fish breathe through its gills. It mediates the gas exchange in fish and it is located on the sides of the head, made up of gill filaments, feathery structures that provide a large surface for gas exchange. The operculum covers and protects the gills of a fish. The water that contains dissolved oxygen enters the fish’s mouth, and moves its jaws and operculum to pump the incoming water through the gills.

3. Introduction The blood inside the capillaries picks up the oxygen when the water passes over the gill filaments. There is a good opportunity for absorption since the water around the gill filaments flows in an opposite direction to the flow of the blood in the capillaries. As the fish breathe its operculum moves, the fish breathe slower in cold water because it has greater dissolved oxygen.

4. Objective/Problem This study aims to find out the effect of cold water to the operculum movement of the fish.

5. Hypothesis H o : There is no significant effect of ice to the operculum movement of the fish. H a : There is a significant effect of ice to the operculum movement of the fish.

6. Materials 3 fishes (same species) 225g of ice & 75 g of ice 700ml of water per liter set 3 liter set Thermometer Stop watch

7. Methods 1.Prepare 3 set ups with the same volume of water (700ml). 2.Carefully place one fish each liter set. 3.Label each liter set with Set A, B & C.

8. Methods Set up A: 700ml water with 225g of ice. Set up B: 700ml water with 75g of ice. Set up C: 700ml water 4. Place the thermometer and get the temperature of each liter set. 5. Observe the operculum movement of the fishes.

9. Temperature Set up ASet up B Set up C 20 ˚C28 ˚C

10. Results & Discussions Temperature in ˚C Operculum movement/m in Operculum movement after 5 min. (OM/min) Temperature after 15 min. in ˚C Operculum movement after 15 min. (OM/min) Set up A 13 ˚C 20310 ˚C 0 Set up B 20 ˚C 878520 ˚C 85 Set up C 28˚C 108 28 ˚C 108

11. Results &Discussions It was observed that “the lower the temperature the lower operculum movement of the fish”.

12. Discussions In set C, the water is warm and has less oxygen dissolved that makes the fish breathe faster. In set B where the temperature is lower than C, the fish breathe slower than in set C. In set A in 10 ˚C and has greater oxygen dissolved and lowest temperature that makes the fish suffocate because of too much oxygen.

13. Conclusions Therefore, the water temperature affects the operculum movement of the fish. The lower the temperature, the slower operculum movement of the fish.

14. References http://science.jrank.org/pages/5841/Respirat ory-System-Respiratory-system-fish.html http://science.jrank.org/pages/5841/Respirat ory-System-Respiratory-system-fish.html http://www.biology-resources.com/fish- 01.html http://www.biology-resources.com/fish- 01.html

15. Authors Angob, Belle Jessa Mae Llmera, Jairah Sabijon, Angel Lou