1. CAADP/COMESA PROGRAM DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION WORKSHOP: 20-22 OCT. NAIROBI-KENYA CHARITY KABUTHA 11/12/2015 Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 1 Approaches for Integrating Gender into Value Chains

2. Key Gender Concepts Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 2 Gender –social construction, changes over time and area, reflected in unequal relationships. Creates disincentives and conflict. Gender analysis –to systematically identify, understand and redress gender-based inequalities Gender constraints/issues –refer to multiple challenges faced by women or men in their efforts to engage in the economy Gender mainstreaming –making gender central to all work and holding all accountable. 11/12/2015

3. Agricultural Value Chain Framework Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chain 3 Service Providers Transport Consumers-local, export MachineryBuyers/Processors FinancingCollectors/Aggregators BDS Extension Producers 11/12/2015

4. Gender Constraints in African Agriculture Value Chains Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 4 Production  Heavy time-burden  Limited access to and control over resources  Limited access to and control over benefits  Under-representation in key agricultural organizations Processing  Most large operations owned/managed by men  Limited access to loans from large institutions  Fewer skills than men  Limited information on management of enterprises 11/12/2015

5. Gender Constraints in African Agriculture Value Chains Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 5 Marketing  Limited access to substantial finance  Inadequate access to market information  Limited mobility Employment  Free labor on family farms  Undertake routine tasks in large farms and firms  Wages for women lower those of men  Reproductive roles conflict with paid labor 11/12/2015

6. Why Gender Matters Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 6 1. Economic Issue –evidence on high cost of ignoring gender 2. Poverty Reduction –rural poverty deeply rooted in the imbalance between what women do and what they have 3.Lost Opportunity –women are major actors in African agriculture 4. Development Impact –men and women affected differently 11/12/2015

7. How to Mainstream Gender in Agriculture Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 7 Process  Step 1: Map gender roles and relations along the value chain  Step 2: Translate gender inequalities into constraints  Step 3: assess the consequences of gender-based constraints  Step 4: Taking actions to remove gender-based constraints  Step 5: Measuring success of actions 11/12/2015

8. Mapping Out Gender Roles and Relations Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 8 Institutions ProgramsCommunities 11/12/2015

9. Mainstreaming Gender—Focus Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 9 Institutions: Analysis addresses  Political will-policies, resources  Accountability  Capacity  Organizational culture Communities: All data disaggregated by sex  Division of labor and workloads  Access to and control over resources and assets  Access to and control over benefits  Decision-making-households and agricultural organizations 11/12/2015

10. Mainstreaming Gender—Focus Mainstreaming Gender in Agricultural Value Chains 10 Programs: Engendering the value chain  Production, processing, marketing & services NB: Important to work with men and women to bring about the social change. 11/12/2015