1. Norwalk & Calici Viruses

2. Norwalk Viruses Structure Classification Multiplication
Clinical manifestations
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Control
Baron’s Web Site

3. Structure
If the AIDS virus were the size of a basketball, Norwalk wouldn't be much bigger than a softball.

4. Norwalk Virus Structure
ill-defined somewhat lace-like
distinct from the featureless appearance of poliovirus.
Bar = 50 nanometers

5. Discovery of Norwalk Virus
First recorded epidemic attributed to Norwalk virus occurred in an elementary school in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1968.
Bacteria-free fecal filtrates derived from adult patients were fed to volunteers.
These volunteers consequently became ill
evidence that gastroenteritis could be induced with a nonbacterial agent.

6. LAURA BEIL The Dallas Morning News
The illness that infected a field of football players last fall is thought to be second only to the common cold as a source of sickness

7. major cause of epidemic acute and mild gastroenteritis, or diarrhea,
older children and adults.

8. Symptoms & Treatment nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
occasionally fever
begin within 40 hours (range hours) of consuming contaminated food.
self-limiting illness
usually persists < 48 hours,
can last a long as 1 week

9. Annual Incidence Viral food borne diseases
Norwalk-like viruses
23,000,000
Rotavirus
3,900,000
Astrovirus
Hepatitis A
83,391
Total Viral food borne 30,883,391
Total Microbial food borne incidence
38,629,64
CDC

10. NLV Reservoir
Thought to be restricted to humans but can occur often in calves (44%) and sometimes (2%) in pigs.
calves and pigs may be reservoir hosts of NLVs.

11. Hygiene against diseases transmitted via the fecal-oral route
Always wash your hands with soap and water any time you might have touched human or animal feces, changed diapers, cleaned up feces, or gardened. Always wash your hands before eating.
Avoid sex that may involve contact with feces.
How Can I Protect Myself?
Use hygienic measures applicable to diseases transmitted via the fecal-oral route as listed below:
1.Always wash your hands with soap and water any time you might have touched human or animal feces, changed diapers,
cleaned up feces, or gardened. Always wash your hands before eating.
2.Avoid sex that may involve contact with feces.
3.Know the source of your water: (a) do not drink or swallow water directly from rivers, lakes, streams, pools, or spas,
(b) if you travel outside the United States you may want to avoid drinking water that has not been boiled.
4.If you are immunocompromised you should consider additional protective steps such as boiling your drinking water for
one minute, which will destroy any viruses in it.

12. Water Safety
Do not drink or swallow water directly from rivers, lakes, streams, pools, or spas,
if you travel abroad you may want to avoid drinking water that has not been boiled.
boiling drinking water for one minute, will destroy any viruses in it.

13. DONE!!!