1. Industry, Immigrants and Progressives

2. Population Boom After the civil war, 1895 the population is 30 million people. In 1900 the population reaches 70 million people. In 2000, the population reaches 275,000,000 million people. Problems occur with the Booming population overcrowding housing shortages language barriers

3. Old Immigrants Before 1880’s Came from Western Europe (England, Canada, Scandanavia, Germany) Mostly Protestant Religion Spoke English

4. New Immigrants After 1880’s Came from Eastern Europe (Former USSR, Poland, Italy) Catholic and Jewish Religions Did NOT speak English

5. Immigration Today Up to 1960 most immigrants came from Europe. Since 1960, most are coming from Latin America, and Asia. Less are coming from Europe.

6. Limits on Today’s Immigration Congress limits immigration to 700,000 per year. Allowed in w/ visas. Priorities are given to communist countries and Cuba. IF from Cuba can seek political isilum can stay here. But not for Haiti: Priority given to those who have family here With illegal immigrants that rises to 1 million a year There are 26 million Immigrants in the US today!

8. Progressives Progressives-People of many political backgrounds trying to bring around reform. (mostly middle class). Muckrakers- journalists that wrote about the “ negatives” in society. Black Americans- Jim Crow laws still exist in America today, however many wanted reforms. (keep races separate)

9. NAACP 1909 the NAACP founded (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) One of the oldest and most influential Civil Rights Groups in America. Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination".

10. Conditions for Laborers long hours- 12 hour work days, 7 days a week, 60-84 hours a week. No unemployment insurance No disability pay No retirement pension Unsafe machinery Low Pay!

11. Union Stockyards of Chicago Railroad Companies, Butchers, and Meatpackers worked together to form a Centralized Processing Area. Operated for 106 years Known as the “hog butcher for the world" Center of the Meatpacking Industry

12. Chicago Major City Geographically located in the middle of the country On the Great Lakes Almost ½ of the population in 1870 were immigrants

13. Women in the Progressive Era Women’s Suffrage movement – the right to vote! By 1919 only 11 states did not allow women to vote at all. Congress passes 19 th Amendment in 1919, states ratify in 1920. Women can now vote anywhere in the USA.

14. Flappers Women who challenged women’s traditional role (they’re getting out and about). Wore short skirts Bobbed Haircuts Listened to Jazz Excessive Make-up, drinking, smoking Breaking sexual and traditional norms

15. Government Changes in Between 1900-1920’s Reforms for Government: involve the people Primary Elections- party candidates chosen before general elections by party members. Initiative- can propose a bill, yes you can do that Referendum- vote directly on a proposed law. Recall election- voters can remove elected official. Direct election of senators- 1913 = 17 th Amendment

16. Theodore ‘Teddy’ Roosevelt- “Teddy Bear” He was called the “trust buster” Hailed as a champion of working people A series of reforms happened during his Presidency 1. Meat Inspection Act of 1906- check to see the meat b/f packaged 2. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906- list ingredients in foods. 3. Forest Homestead Act of 1906- set aside land as national forests 4. Eight hour work day- people work too much and unsafe 5. Workers compensate if hurt received something

17. Laissez-Faire Economics They believed the government should Leave Businesses Alone! Limit the restrictions On Tariffs On Monopolies LET IT BE!!!

18. Assembly Line * Ford Company started this between 1908-1915 Factory Workers: + Fast, Cheap, Efficient, can hire just about anyone - Less respect from workers, poor lazy workers Factory Workers: + No Education/Skills needed, Paid and had a job - Boring, no movement, Poor Working Conditions Consumers: + Products are cheap in price, Lots of products available - Cheap Products made in quality, no variety

19. The Car! The car was the invention of the 1920’s that impacted the economy the most!