1. Genetic Testing

2. Testing, Testing… 1,2,3 Genetic testing is most often used to analyze human DNA to determine whether an individual’s genetic makeup indicates that he or she is susceptible to certain medical conditions during his or her lifetime.

3. Genetic Testing in humans can help determine ancestry, paternity and whether it is likely that an individual will develop certain medical conditions. The use of genetic testing aims to aid in early detection, or disease prevention. Applications of Testing Humans

4. Other Testing Applications Genetic testing is not just available for use on humans. It can also be used to help discover new animal species, to trace bacteria in food or even determine geographic origin. How could genetic testing be expanded in the future? What are other possible uses?

5. Just a Click Away It is now possible for individuals to purchase DNA testing kits online. Most often, they submit a sample of their DNA by spitting into a tube and mailing it back in to be tested. These tests can cost hundreds to thousands of dollars.

6. A Done Deal? The problem with internet testing kits is that they are not consistent and offer give inaccurate results. This can often lead to a person fearing they will develop a disease in their lifetime that they are not actually genetically susceptible to develop. In some tests, a sample of DNA from the one individual has yielded different results from two separate internet companies.

7. Family Ties Genetic Testing is especially helpful in analyzing the DNA of potential parents to improve in vitro fertilization success rates. It can also help determine the paternity of an unborn baby, and whether the baby is at risk for having birth defects such as Down Syndrome.

8. Instead of analyzing fingerprints, it is now possible for investigators to use genetic testing to analyze DNA from a crime scene. In this way, unique patterns found in the DNA of likely suspects can be compared to the DNA evidence collected at a crime scene. This new technology helps determine whether someone is guilty of a crime. Genetics CSI

9. The benefits of genetic testing continue to grow as research on disease prevention and treatment increase. By detecting predispositions to diseases or medical conditions early, patients can seek counseling and hopefully take steps to prevent, or treat certain medical conditions. Think Positive Thoughts

10. A huge disadvantage to genetic testing is that patients are often given devastating news and have no access to a counselor or medical professional to help them cope. The more widespread genetic testing becomes, the more these professionals are stretched thin and become less available. Many experts believe this role will soon fall into the hands of less-than- qualified individuals. How to Cope

11. Getting a Head Start Genetic testing can be very helpful in giving individuals the opportunity to seek health care that is both appropriate and timely. Doctors can use genetic testing to try to prevent and treat diseases as well as develop and implement therapies and treatments that are specific to a person’s genetic makeup.

12. Many people worldwide fear that as genetic testing becomes more common, employers might base hiring, firing and promotion decisions on whether an individual’s DNA indicates that they are susceptible to disease. If an employer has access to genetic testing results, is this an abuse of power or an infringement of human rights? You’re Fired

13. In addition to fears that employers will abuse genetic testing results in their decisions, many fear that insurance companies will do the same. For example, insurance companies could charge higher premiums to those at high risk, or deny health insurance altogether. Are You in Good Hands?

14. Should parents be able to have their kids genetically tested without their consent? On the Right Track Is it okay to test the likelihood an individual has of developing a medical condition that has no cure? Who should have access to the results of genetic tests?

15. Back to the Future There are many difficulties with genetic testing that still need to be solved. Issues involving accuracy, discrimination and coping still exist worldwide. How can genetic testing be expanded? Should the government require genetic testing?