1. Polyethoxylated ascorbic acid for better stability and uptake
POUSTIN-C
Polyethoxylated ascorbic acid
for better stability and uptake

2. Product POUSTIN-C is a polyethoxylated form of ascorbic acid
The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the ascorbic acid:
Increases stability during feed manufacturing and storage
Improves digestibility and uptake by the animal
Allows lower doses of ascorbic acid to be added to feed but still achieve the required absorbed level

3. This bond only broken by enzymatic hydrolysis
Mode of Action
The bond joining the PEG to the ascorbic acid is degrade by enzymatic hydrolysis when it reaches the GI tract
MPEGO
This bond only broken by enzymatic hydrolysis

4. Mode of Action
This bond is not broken down by heat, water or UV making POUSTIN-C extremely stable
Bond easily broken by enzymatic hydrolysis so it releases freely available ascorbic acid at high levels in the intestine for rapid and high absorption
Being highly available at the point of absorption means increased uptake by the animal
Ascorbic acid is then distribution to all body tissues via the bloodstream

5. Stability Increment
1st generation nd generation rd generation th generation O O O O S O P O X P O P O
MPEG O O O O
x = Ca, Na
Ascorbic acid L-Ascorbyl L-ascorbyl-mono L-ascorbyl Poustin-C
sulfate phosphate polyphosphate
Very unstable
Better stability
Low availability due to the lack of sulfatase in the gut of fish
Stable
But expensive
Stable
But expensive
Highly stable
Lower inclusion rates

6. L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate
Stability
Condition
L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate
POUSTIN-C
Availability after heat treatment
90 %
(137oC for <10 mins)
> 90 %
(120oC for 3 days)
Availability after exposure to water
60-65 % (pellets in seawater for 5 mins)
51-63 % (pellets in seawater for 2 hrs)
19 % (pellets in seawater for 6 hrs)
> 85 %
(25oC & pH 6 for 3 months)
Loss during feed manufacturing (extrusion process)
10-20 %
< 3 %
Losses during storage as feed
5-10 % per month
< 1 % per month

7. Stability Visual heat treatment test, at 90 oC for 15 mins
Ascorbic acid is totally unstable and fully oxidized so it has totally changed its colour
POUSTIN-C shows excellently stability and still remains as a clear liquid after heat treatment
L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate has less stability and has changed colour
Ascorbic POUSTIN-C L-ascorbyl-2
acid phosphate

8. Summary
POUSTIN-C is a highly stable, highly available form of vitamin C for aquaculture diets
Unique, patented formulation
Liquid form easily added to feed manufacturing process
Much lower dose than other forms
330 g per MT of feed to provide 250 mg ascorbic acid per kg feed
Contains no phosphorous
Superior Vitamin C option for aquafeeds