1. Rotation, Vibration and Synchrotron Radiation – Astronomical Interactions of Light and Matter THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

2. ContinuousEmissionAbsorption produced by atoms and molecules Types of Spectra synchrotron thermal (blackbody) THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

3. Thermal (Blackbody) Radiation A hot, dense object emits all wavelengths of light, creating a continuous spectrum The spectral curve for these objects is shown at right The object’s temperature determines the wavelength of light where the spectrum peaks http://phet.colorado.edu/en/sim ulation/blackbody-spectrum THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

4. Synchrotron (Non-thermal) Radiation Charged particles are accelerated as they spiral around a magnetic field These accelerating charged particles give off all wavelengths of light and create a type of continuous spectrum Light THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

5. peak determined by temperature provides no information about temperature continuous spectra A black hole with an accretion disk and jets THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

6. Which of the following graphs is the best representation of the spectrum of light produced by a black hole if you include all of the light from thermal radiation and all of the light from synchrotron radiation? B DC A THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

7. Spectacular Jets in Galaxy Hercules A A supermassive black hole’s magnetic field creates jets that emit synchrotron radiation The pink represents the synchrotron radiation, as detected by Very Large Array radio telescope The rest of the image was taken in visible light by the Hubble Space Telescope Dr. Jim Condon explains how the new VLA allowed astronomers to make this image for the first time http://vimeo.com/54501105http://vimeo.com/54501105 Credit: NASA, ESA, S. Baum and C. O'Dea (RIT), R. Perley and W. Cotton (NRAO/AUI/NSF), and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)." THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

8. Molecules 2 or more atoms bonded together Molecules produce emission and absorption spectra in 3 different ways 1.Electrons in atoms change energy levels 2.The molecule changes how fast it’s vibrating 3.The molecule changes how fast it’s rotating THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

9. Molecular Electron Transitions and the Emission and Absorption of Visible and UV Light Just like atoms, molecules can emit light when an electron transitions from a high energy level to a low energy level, and they can absorb light when an electron transitions from a low energy level to a high energy level short wavelengthslong wavelengths short wavelengthslong wavelengths emission spectrum absorption spectrum THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

10. Molecular Vibrations and the Emission of Infrared Light When a molecule transitions from a faster vibration (higher energy state) to a slower vibration (lower energy state), the molecule emits a photon of light with an energy equal to the energy difference between the molecule’s two vibrational energy states. The more arcs, the faster the molecule vibrates. The greater the change in the number of arcs, the greater the change in energy. This leads to an emission spectrum. IR photon X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

11. When a molecule transitions from a faster vibration (higher energy state) to a slower vibration (lower energy state), the molecule emits a photon of light with an energy equal to the energy difference between the molecule’s two vibrational energy states. X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

12. Molecular Vibrations and the Absorption of Infrared Light A molecule can also transition from a slower vibration to a faster vibration when it absorbs a photon with an energy equal to the energy difference between the molecule’s two vibrational energy states. The more arcs, the faster the molecule vibrates. The greater the change in the number of arcs, the greater the change in energy. This leads to an absorption spectrum. IR photon X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

13. A molecule can also transition from a slower vibration to a faster vibration when it absorbs a photon with an energy equal to the energy difference between the molecule’s two vibrational energy states. X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

14. Which of the following represents the molecule that is absorbing the lowest energy infrared photon? THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

15. Molecular Rotations and the Emission of Radio Light When a molecule transitions from a faster rotation (higher energy state) to a slower rotation (lower energy state), the molecule emits a photon of light with an energy equal to the energy difference between the molecule’s two rotational energy states. The longer the arrow, the faster the molecule rotates. The greater the change in the arrows’ lengths, the greater the change in energy. This leads to an emission spectrum. radio photon X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

16. A molecule can also transition from a slower rotation to a faster rotation when it absorbs a photon with an energy equal to the energy difference between the molecule’s two rotational energy states. The longer the arrow, the faster the molecule rotates. The greater the change in the arrows’ lengths, the greater the change in energy. Molecular Rotations and the Absorption of Radio Light This leads to an absorption spectrum. radio photon X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

17. Which of the following represents the molecule that is emitting the highest energy radio photon? THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

18. Changing the rotation rate of a molecule requires the emission or absorption of a(n) _____ photon. Changing the vibration rate of a molecule requires the emission or absorption of a(n) _____ photon. Moving an electron from one energy level to another requires the emission or absorption of a(n) _____ or _____ photon. Charged particles spiraling around a magnetic field will emit light at _____ wavelengths. THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

19. Matching the "Fingerprints” Observing the Orion Nebula, radio astronomers find numerous emission lines from the molecule ethyl cyanide (CH 3 CH 2 CN). The red line is the spectrum observed with the ALMA radio telescope in Chile. The blue line is the spectrum measured in a laboratory here on Earth. The astronomers were able to match the laboratory spectrum of the molecule with the observations of the nebula Dr. Anthony Remijan of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory explains this technique http://vimeo.com/49728598http://vimeo.com/49728598 Credit: Fortman, et al., NRAO/AUI/NSF, NASA THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

20. ObjectTemperatureType of SpectrumBest Wavelength to Observe Telescope Black hole Accretion Disk10,000,000 K – 100,000,000 K Thermal and Atomic Emission X-rayChandra X-ray Observatory Black hole JetSynchrotronX-ray and RadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes and Chandra X- ray Observatory Cosmic Microwave Background 3 KThermalRadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes Hot Gas in Galaxy Clusters10,000,000 K – 100,000,000 K Atomic EmissionX-rayChandra X-ray Observatory Molecular Cloud (Dust)10 K – 30 KThermalRadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes Molecular Cloud (Gas)10 K – 30 KEmission and Absorption from Molecular Rotation RadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes Pulsar JetSynchrotronX-ray and RadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes and Chandra X- ray Observatory Protostar500 K – 1000 KThermal and Emission and Absorption from Molecular Vibration InfraredSpitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory Solar Corona1,000,000 K – 2,000,000 KAtomic EmissionX-rayChandra X-ray Observatory Sun5,500 KThermal and Atomic Absorption VisibleMayall Telescope (Kitt Peak), Keck Telescopes Water in a protoplanetary disk 100 K – 500 KEmission and Absorption from Molecular Vibration InfraredSpitzer Space Telescope. Herschel Space Observatory, ALMA radio telescope THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

21. Lecture-Tutorial: Rotation, Vibration, and Synchrotron Radiation – Astronomical Interactions of Light and Matter Work with a partner! Read the instructions and questions carefully. Discuss the concepts and your answers with one another. Take time to understand it now. It WILL help you on the homework and exams. Come to a consensus on your answer before you both move on to a new question. If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer, ask another group. If you are really stuck or don’t understand what the tutorial is asking, raise your hand and ask for help. THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

22. Which of the following telescopes would be best to use in order to observe changes in the rotational state of the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule? A.the Chandra X-ray Observatory B.the GALEX UV telescope C.the Very Large Array radio telescope D.the visible light Mayall Telescope E.the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

23. Each of the drawings shows a molecule at two different times, before and after a photon has either been emitted or absorbed. Which drawing corresponds to the absorption of a UV photon? A.A B.B C.C D.D E.None of the above Before A After Before B After Before C After Before D THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

24. Each of the drawings shows a molecule at two different times, before and after a photon has either been emitted or absorbed. Which drawing corresponds to the emission of a photon with the greatest energy? A.A B.B C.C D.D E.There’s not enough information to tell. Before A After Before B After Before C After Before D THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

25. The emission spectrum shown below can be caused by: A. charged particles accelerated by a magnetic field B. molecules slowing down their rotation speed C. molecules slowing down their vibration rate D. molecules speeding up their rotation speed E. molecules speeding up their vibration rate X-rayUVVis IRRadio THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

26. A telescope that observes radio wavelengths can detect light created by which of the following processes? A. charged particles accelerated by a magnetic field B. a molecule slowing down its rotation speed C. a molecule slowing down its vibration rate D. both A and B E. A, B, and C THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

27. Which of the following could have produced the light indicated by the location of the arrow on the spectrum below? A.hot gas and dust in an accretion disk around a black hole B.charged particles spiraling around a magnetic field C.electrons in atoms changing their energy state D.molecules vibrating E.molecules rotating THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

28. Which of the following could have produced the light indicated by the location of the arrow on the spectrum below? A.hot gas and dust in an accretion disk around a black hole B.charged particles spiraling around a magnetic field C.electrons in atoms changing their energy state D.molecules vibrating E.molecules rotating THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

29. Atacama Large Millimeter Array Using cutting edge techniques, some radio telescopes like ALMA are expanding beyond the traditional range of radio astronomy to include infrared wavelengths Credit: C. Padilla, NRAO/AUI/NSF THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.

30. ObjectTemperatureType of SpectrumBest Wavelength to Observe Telescope Black hole Accretion Disk10,000,000 K – 100,000,000 K Thermal and Atomic Emission X-rayChandra X-ray Observatory Black hole JetSynchrotronX-ray and RadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes and Chandra X- ray Observatory Cosmic Microwave Background 3 KThermalRadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes Hot Gas in Galaxy Clusters10,000,000 K – 100,000,000 K Atomic EmissionX-rayChandra X-ray Observatory Molecular Cloud (Dust)10 K – 30 KThermalRadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes Molecular Cloud (Gas)10 K – 30 KEmission and Absorption from Molecular Rotation RadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes Pulsar JetSynchrotronX-ray and RadioGBT,VLA, and ALMA radio telescopes and Chandra X- ray Observatory Protostar500 K – 1000 KThermal and Emission and Absorption from Molecular Vibration InfraredSpitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory Solar Corona1,000,000 K – 2,000,000 KAtomic EmissionX-rayChandra X-ray Observatory Sun5,500 KThermal and Atomic Absorption VisibleMayall Telescope (Kitt Peak), Keck Telescopes Water in a protoplanetary disk 100 K – 500 KEmission and Absorption from Molecular Vibration InfraredSpitzer Space Telescope. Herschel Space Observatory, ALMA radio telescope THESE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS WERE FUNDED THROUGH THE GENEROUS CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED UNIVERITIES INCORPORATED (AUI), AND DEVELPOPED THROUGH A COLLABORATION OF ASTRONOMY EDUCATORS FROM CAE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPLE HILL, THE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, AND NRAO.