1. The Cultural Geography of Africa, South of the Sahara Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Fall 2009

2. Rapid Population Growth 711 million people 11% of the world’s population Highest birthrate Highest death rate Highest infant mortality rate Shortest life expectancy

3. Population Density and Distribution Overall: not dense Population density is uneven Rwanda: 817 per square mile Namibia: 6 people per square mile Explanations for uneven population distribution Land Climate

4. Population and Food Production People live in the coastal belt of West Africa and the eastern coast of Southern Africa Government actions Effects of climate Cash crop economies =Africa can’t produce enough food. Must export

5. Population and Health Care Poor Health Care a.Famine b.Poor nutrition c.Impure water d.Inadequate sanitation: disposal of waste products e.Diseases are widespread: (malaria, AIDS)

7. A Diverse Population 3,000 ethnic groups Europeans South Asians Arabs Varying religious groups Borders are fluid: don’t contain peoples or cultures

8. Growing cities Urbanization: movement of people from rural areas to cities 30% of population lives in cities Move to cities a.Better job opportunities b.Better health care c.Better public services Growth of service centers: convenient business locations for rural dwellers.

9. History and Government 2000 B.C., people south of the Sahara began to domesticate (tame) animals. NE Africa: Egyptian civilization 3000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. Kush: capital at Meroe. South of Egypt Axum: Ethiopian trading empire

10. Empires in the West Ghana: traded gold for salt Mali: capital of Timbuktu Songhai

12. Bantu Settlements Established settlements by 800 A.D. 150 million Bantu speakers today Tanzania Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe

13. European Colonization Europeans traded with African kingdoms by the 1200’s. Slaves Gold weapons

14. Slave Trade in Africa Africans were transported to the New World for work on plantations in S. America, Caribbean, and N. America (sugar, cotton, indigo, rice, and tobacco) Greatly impacted certain ethnic groups within Africa

15. Independence Mid 1960’s most African countries were independent Dependent economically on western countries: “Neo-colonialism”

16. Nigeria Different ethnic groups Islam and Christianity Civil war in Biafra

17. South Africa Apartheid: separation of races. Official policy of white minority government rule. Blacks denied political rights and equality with whites in education, jobs, and housing. Nelson Mandela: jailed leader of the ANC was released in the early 1990s First free election in 1994 Universal suffrage: voting rights for all adult citizens.

18. Europe Divides and Rules Imperialism: European search for empire in the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Areas set up without regard to local identities or cultures Plantation economies replaced local agriculture. Christian missionaries