2. Module 23 Intelligence Chapter 7, Pages 275-300 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October 31, 2006

3. Intelligence The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.

4. Theories of Intelligence G-factor (or just “g”)  Single general factor for mental ability Fluid & Crystallized Intelligence  Fluid Intelligence – Information processing, reasoning, and memory  Crystallized Intelligence – Learned skills and stratagies Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner)  8 different forms of intelligence (page 278) MusicalSpatial Bodily KinestheticInterpersonal Logical MathematicalIntrapersonal LinguisticNaturalist

5. Practical & Emotional Intelligence Practical Intelligence  Successful  Happy Emotional Intelligence  Accurately evaluate, express, and control emotions

6. Assessing Intelligence Used to quantify a persons level of intelligence.  School/Job Placement & qualification  Making occupation/vocational choices Speed may be a factor in determining intelligence Can head size, shape, and bumps be related to intelligence?

7. Binet – Intelligence Quotient (IQ) First real IQ test  Based on an age/performance scale  IQ = Mental Age / Chronological Age X 100 Replaced with more reliable tests:  Stanford-Binet  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)  Woodcock-Johnson  (Plus many others)  Many are very time consuming and costly to administer

8. Achievement and Aptitude Tests Achievement Test:  Test level of knowledge in particular area(s).  NCCT – National Center for Competency Testing Aptitude Test:  Used to predict a person’s ability to perform or succeed at a particular task.  SAT – Scholastic Aptitude Test  ACT – American College Test

9. Reliability and Validity Reliability – Consistent results Validity – Accurate results Standardized Test – Results compared to a large number of test results (norms). Norms – Standards derived from a large number of test results.

10. Adaptive Testing: Using Computers More difficult questions are given after each correct answer. Individualized test based on a test taker’s ability. Can accurately identify test taker’s ability in multiple areas in a short time.

11. Mental Retardation Significant limitations in:  Intellectual Functioning  Adaptive Behavior (Conceptual, Social, & Adaptation) 1-3% of population Mental Retardation  55-69 IQ – Mild  40-54 IQ – Moderate  25-39 IQ – Severe  0-24 IQ – Profound

12. Intellectually Gifted 2-4% of population > 130 IQ Normally well adjusted Not normally gifted in all areas Not necessarily successful